Efectos del tratamiento oncológico en la comodidad de niños y adolescentes con cáncer: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2022.22.4.4Palabras clave:
Niño, adolescente, comodidad del paciente, oncología médica, enfermeríaResumen
Objetivos: mapear y examinar las evidencias científicas acerca de los efectos del tratamiento oncológico en la comodidad de niños y adolescente con cáncer. Materiales y método: se realizó una revisión de alcance en los siguientes recursos informativos electrónicos: BVS, PubMed, Cinahl, SciVerse Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science y Google Scholar. Dos pares independientes analizaron la relevancia de los estudios. Resultados: la búsqueda dio como resultado 4295 publicaciones, de las que 20 conformaron la muestra final. Luego de mapear las evidencias, se hallaron efectos (20; 100 %) en la comodidad, y los de mayor prevalencia fueron dolor (12; 60 %), miedo (9; 45 %), náuseas (5; 25 %), dificultad en la ingesta de alimentos (4; 20 %) y angustia (4; 20 %). En relación con la modalidad del tratamiento oncológico, prevaleció entre los estudios la terapia antineoplásica en 11 (55 %) de los artículos seleccionados. Conclusiones: se evidenció que el tratamiento oncológico afecta la comodidad de los niños y adolescentes con cáncer, llevándolos al sufrimiento y alterando su bienestar, lo que señala la necesidad de evaluar su impacto y el desarrollo de acciones de cuidado por parte de los profesionales de enfermería para reducir las complicaciones y mejorar la adaptación de estos pacientes al tratamiento.
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