Consecuencias en el desarrollo infantil derivadas de la pandemia por covid-19: revisión integrativa de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.3.2Palabras clave:
Desarrollo infantil, Enfermería pediátrica, Cuidadores, Ambiente, Familia, covid-19Resumen
Introducción: la pandemia por la covid-19 disminuyó las posibilidades de generar espacios estimulantes para el desarrollo de los niños, puesto que todos los sistemas con los que interactúa un niño en desarrollo se vieron impactados. Objetivo: identificar la evidencia científica que hay sobre los efectos en el desarrollo infantil en menores de 5 años que convivieron con sus padres y madres durante las medidas de distanciamiento social tomadas por causa de la covid-19. Método: revisión integrativa guiada por el marco propuesto por Whittemore y Knafl, y The Prisma Statement, para consultar las bases de datos: Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Scielo, con una búsqueda realizada en inglés, utilizando los descriptores: “child development”, “growth and development”, “parenting”, “teleworking”, “infant care”, “home nursing”, “social isolation”, “coronavirus infections”, “COVID-19”. Los criterios de elegibilidad: estudios cuantitativos o cualitativos que abordaran los efectos directos de la pandemia en niños menores de 5 años; y de exclusión: artículos con población de niñez con trastornos del desarrollo diagnosticados o discapacidad. Resultados: fueron incluidos 17 artículos, cuyos hallazgos se clasifican en las categorías: exposición a estímulos de riesgo, privación de estímulos y exposición a estímulos protectores. Se revela que el estrés parental, la ausencia de juego y una menor exposición a interacciones promotoras del desarrollo se vinculan con alteraciones en el procesamiento cognitivo, emocional y de aprendizaje, y tuvieron un impacto negativo en el desarrollo motriz y del lenguaje. Conclusión: la evidencia sugiere que el distanciamiento social puede ser la causa principal en la aparición de retrasos en el desarrollo infantil, en sus áreas: motriz, de lenguaje, cognitivo y socioemocional.
Descargas
Citas
Fernald L, Prado E, Kariger P, Raikes A. A Toolkit for measuring early childhood development in low-and middle-income countries. Washington DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1596/29000
Behrman J. Apoyando el desarrollo en la primera infancia: Desde la ciencia a la aplicación a gran escala. The Lancet/UNICEF; 2017. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/peru/sites/unicef.org.peru/files/2019-01/Apoyando__el_desarrollo_en_la_primera_infancia_-_desde_la_ciencia_a_la_aplicacion_a_gran_escala.pdf
Bick J, Nelson CA. Early experience and brain development. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive Science. 2017;8(1-2). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1387
Tooley UA, Bassett DS, Mackey AP. Environmental influences on the pace of brain development. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2021;22(6):372-84. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-021-00457-5
Jeong J, Franchett EE, Ramos de Oliveira CV, Rehmani K, Yousafzai AK. Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2021;18(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602
Hodel AS. Rapid infant prefrontal cortex development and sensitivity to early environmental experience. Developmental Review. 2018;48:113-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.02.003
Bronfenbrenner U, Cole M. The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Boston: Harvard University Press; 1979. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv26071r6
Babore A, Trumello C, Lombardi L, Candelori C, Chirumbolo A, Cattelino E, et al. Mothers’ and children’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: The mediating role of parenting stress. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2021;1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01230-6
Organización Panamericana de la Salud y Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia. Cuidado para el desarrollo infantil. Adaptación para la región de América Latina y el Caribe. Washington, D.C: OPS/UNICEF; 2019. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51620
Bernier A, Dégeilh F, Leblanc E, Daneault V, Bailey H, Beauchamp M. Mother–Infant interaction and child brain morphology: A multidimensional approach to maternal sensitivity. Infancy. 2019;24(2):120-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12270
Nelson CA, Zeanah CH, Fox NA. How early experience shapes human development: The case of psychosocial deprivation. Neural Plasticity. 2019;1676285-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1676285
Hauser, MD. How early life adversity transforms the learning brain. Mind, Brain, and Education. 2021;15:35-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12277
Hails KA, Petts RA, Hostutler CA, Simoni M, Greene R, Snider TC, et al. COVID-19 distress, negative parenting, and child behavioral problems: The moderating role of parent adverse childhood experiences. Child Abuse Negl. 2021;105450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105450
Wong JY, Wai AK, Wang MP, Lee JJ, Li M, Kwok JY, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on child maltreatment: Income instability and parenting issues. J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1501. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041501
Russell BS, Hutchison M, Tambling R, Tomkunas AJ, Horton AL. The Protective role of parent resilience on mental health and the parent-child relationship during COVID-19. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020;53:183-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01243-1
Riany YE, Morawska A. Financial and work burden, psychosocial functioning, and family interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Effects on child outcomes. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2021;54:340-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01251-1
Stienwandt S, Cameron EE, Soderstrom M, Casar M, Le C, Roos LE. Family factors associated with hands-on play and screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child & Youth Care Forum. 2022;1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-021-09668-4
Torres González C, Galindo-Aldana G, García León IA, Padilla-López LA, Álvarez-Núñez DN, Espinoza Gutiérrez YI. COVID-19 voluntary social isolation and its effects in sociofamily and children’s behavior. Salud Ment. 2020;43(6):263-71. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2020.036
Liu S, Fisher PA. Early experience unpredictability in child development as a model for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A translational neuroscience perspective. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2021;54:101091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101091
Mochida S, Sanada M, Shao Q, Lee J, Takaoka J, Ando S, et al. Factors modifying children’s stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Eur Early Child Educ Res J. 2021;29(1):51-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872669
Dal Sasso-Mendes K, De Campos-Pereira RC, Galvão CM. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto Enfermagem. 2009;17(4):758-64. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018
Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: Updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2005;52(5):546-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372(71). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Silva A, Padilha M, Petry S, Silva V, Woo K, Galica J, et al. Reviews of literature in nursing research. Methodological considerations and defining characteristics. Advances in Nursing Science. 2022;1-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000418
Search | Mendeley [Internet]. Mendeley.com. Available from: https://www.mendeley.com/search/
JBI. EBP Resources; 2020. Available from: https://jbi.global/ebp
Howick J, Chalmers I, Glasziou P, Greenhalgh T, Heneghan C, Liberati A, et al. Explanation of the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence (Background Document). Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine; 2011. https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/explanation-of-the-2011-ocebm-levels-of-evidence
Waller R, Powell T, Rodriguez Y, Corbett N, Perlstein S, White LK, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2021;52(6):1012-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01109-y
Huang P, Zhou F, Guo Y, Yuan S, Lin S, Lu J, et al. Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and infant neurodevelopment: A comparison before and during COVID-19. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:662165. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.662165
Diniz E, Brandão T, Monteiro L, Veríssimo M. Parenting and child well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak: The importance of marital adjustment and parental self-efficacy. Anal Psicol. 2021;39(2):277-286. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.1902
Fitriahadi E, Priskila Y, Suryaningsih EK, Satriyandari Y, Intarti WD. Social demographic analysis with the growth and development of children in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9(G):321-7. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7389
Cardoso de Sá CS, Pombo A, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Cordovil R. COVID-19 social isolation in Brazil: Effects on the physical activity routine of families with children. Revista Paulistsa de Pediatria. 2021;39:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020159
Gibson LY, Lockyer B, Dickerson J, Endacott C, Bridges S, McEachan RRC, et al. Comparison of experiences in two birth cohorts comprising young families with children under four years during the initial COVID-19 lockdown in Australia and the UK: A qualitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:9119. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179119
Jáuregui A, Argumedo G, Medina C, Bonvecchio-Arenas A, Romero-Martínez M, Okely AD. Factors associated with changes in movement behaviors in toddlers and preschoolers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional study in Mexico. Prev Med Rep. 2021;24:101552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101552
Baiden Ph, LaBrenz CA, Findley E. Social distancing and anxiety among female caregivers of children ages zero-to-five during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in the United States. J Affective Disorders Reports. 2021;5,100154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100154
Lozano-Blasco R, Quilez-Robres A, Delgado-Bujedo D, Latorre-Martínez MP. YouTube’s growth in use among children 0–5 during COVID19: The Occidental European case. Technology in Society. 2021;66:101648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101648
Park J-H, Park J-Y, Jin K-S. What did COVID-19 change? The impact of COVID-19 on Korean parents’ and children’s daily lives and stress. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2022;53(1):172-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01262-y
Snyder K, Chaudhary P, Pereira A, Masuda K, Niski J, Dinkel D. Early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on promotion of infant activity, strength and communication: A qualitative exploration. Acta Psychologica. 2022;22:103480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103480
Linhares MB, Enumo SR. Reflexões baseadas na Psicologia sobre efeitos da pandemia COVID-19 no desenvolvimento infantil. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas). 2020;37:e200089. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200089
WHO guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
Domingues‐Montanari S. Clinical and psychological effects of excessive screen time on children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2017;53(4):333-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13462
Charney SA, Camarata SM, Chern A. Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on communication and language skills in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;165(1):1-2. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820978247
Deoni SC, Beauchemin J, Volpe A, Dâ Sa V. The COVID-19 pandemic and early child cognitive development: A comparison of development in children born during the pandemic and historical references. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.10.21261846
Wenner Moyer M. The COVID generation: how is the pandemic affecting kids’ brains? Nature. 2022;601(7892):180-83. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00027-4
Yamaoka Y, Hosozawa M, Sampei M, Sawada N, Okubo Y, Tanaka K, et al. Abusive and positive parenting behavior in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic under the state of emergency. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2021;120:105212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105212
Halty L, Halty A, Cagigal de Gregorio V. Support for families during COVID-19 in Spain: The iCygnus Online Tool for Parents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2021;1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01172-z
Roos LE, Salisbury M, Penner-Goeke L, Cameron EE, Protudjer JLP, Giuliano R, et al. Supporting families to protect child health: Parenting quality and household needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(5):e0251720. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251720
Connell CM, Strambler MJ. Experiences with COVID-19 stressors and parents’ use of neglectful, harsh, and positive parenting practices in the Northeastern United States. Child Maltreat. 2021;26(3):255-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595211006465
Gibbons JL, Fernández-Morales R, Maegli MA, Poelker KE. “Mi hijo es lo principal” – Guatemalan mothers navigate the COVID-19 pandemic. International Perspectives in Psychology. 2021;10(3):163-71. https://doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000017
Chu KA, Schwartz Ch, Towner E, Kasparian NA, Callaghan B. Parenting under pressure: A mixed-methods investigation of the impact of COVID-19 on family life. J Affective Disorders Reports. 2021;5:100161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100161
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Aquichan
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Esta revista y sus artículos se publican bajo la licencia CreativeCommons CC BY 4.0 DEED Atribución 4.0 Internacional, usted es libre de: Compartir — copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente. Adaptar — remezclar, transformar y construir a partir del material para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente. La licencia no puede revocar estas libertades en tanto usted siga los términos de la licencia.
