Escala de vulnerabilidad de las personas con discapacidad motora tras una lesión neurológica adquirida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.3.8Palabras clave:
Personas en condición de discapacidad, enfermedades del sistema nervioso, vulnerabilidad en salud, estudio de validación, enfermería en rehabilitaciónResumen
Introducción: algunas personas, tras una lesión neurológica adquirida, se encuentran en situaciones de mayor vulnerabilidad a complicaciones y comorbilidades, que pueden repercutir en la vida y la salud, comprometer la calidad de vida, provocar hospitalizaciones y muerte prematura. La identificación de la situación de vulnerabilidad puede orientar al personal de enfermería en el desarrollo de acciones de prevención de complicaciones, comorbilidades y otras afecciones tras una lesión neurológica. Objetivo: validar una escala para identificar la situación de vulnerabilidad de las personas con discapacidad motora después de una lesión neurológica adquirida (EVU-PcD). Material y método: estudio metodológico, de desarrollo psicométrico con un enfoque cuantitativo. Las etapas de validez de constructo fueron la aplicación de la “Escala de vulnerabilidad de personas con discapacidad motora tras lesión neurológica adquirida (EVU-PcD)”, el análisis de fiabilidad y el análisis factorial confirmatorio. La EVU-PcD, compuesta inicialmente por 38 ítems, se aplicó a 102 personas con discapacidad motora adquirida. La fiabilidad se midió utilizando el alfa de Cronbach de 0,7 a 0,9. El análisis factorial confirmatorio utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para variables latentes, mediante el diagrama de trayectorias. Resultados: el alfa de Cronbach total fue de 0,86, considerado excelente. Los índices de ajuste, ratio chi-cuadrado (1,63), raíz cuadrada media de los errores de aproximación (0,08) e índice de calidad de ajuste parsimonioso (0,61) mostraron indicadores aceptables de adecuación al modelo final con tres dominios y 28 ítems. Conclusiones: la estructura factorial final de la EVU-PcD con 28 ítems mostró resultados satisfactorios de fiabilidad y validez para identificar la vulnerabilidad de las personas con discapacidad motora tras una lesión neurológica adquirida.
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