Programas com foco no suporte social para pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 liderados por enfermeiros: scoping review

Isabela Mendonça Rodrigues dos Santos; Isaura Letícia Palmeira Tavares Rolim; Aurean D’Eça Júnior; Maria Almira Bulcão Loureiro; Diogo Matheus Barros da Silva; Geysa Santos Góis Lopes

doi:10.5294/aqui.2024.24.1.2

Autores/as

Isabela Mendonça Rodrigues dos Santos Autor/a Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Isaura Letícia Palmeira Tavares Rolim Autor/a Universidade Federal do Maranhão https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-2543
Aurean D’Eça Júnior Autor/a Universidade Federal do Maranhão https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-412X
Maria Almira Bulcão Loureiro Autor/a Universidade Federal do Maranhão https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3234-2833
Diogo Matheus Barros da Silva Autor/a Universidade Federal do Maranhão https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-8075
Geysa Santos Góis Lopes Autor/a Rede Sarah Hospitalar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6801-1940

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.1.2

Palabras clave:

Apoyo social, atención de enfermería, programas sociales, automanejo, diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Resumen

Introducción: los programas dirigidos por enfermeras desempeñan un papel fundamental a la hora de implicar a las personas en el autocontrol de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), ya que repercuten en la mejora de la calidad de vida. El autocontrol respaldado por el apoyo social es crucial, especialmente porque describe la importancia de los profesionales de enfermería en la promoción de la salud de las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), dado que esta intervención puede ayudar a reducir las consecuencias y el empeoramiento de la enfermedad. Objetivo: mapear los programas centrados en el apoyo social para personas con DM2 dirigidos por enfermeros. Materiales y método: una revisión de alcance que siguió las directrices metodológicas del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Los descriptores de búsqueda utilizados fueron “autocuidado”, “intervención dirigida por enfermeros”, “diabetes mellitus tipo 2”, con búsqueda en la Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Capes [Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior], Scopus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, PsycINFO y Repositorios Científicos de Acceso Abierto de Portugal, entre febrero y marzo de 2022. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años, en inglés, español y portugués, que cubrieran la experiencia individual de programas dirigidos por profesionales de enfermería centrados en la autogestión a través del apoyo social. Resultados: se incluyeron 12 estudios, publicados en Estados Unidos, Inglaterra e Irán, centrados en el apoyo social para la autogestión de personas con DM2 y en entornos de atención a personas con enfermedades crónicas. Se observó que la mayoría de los programas dirigidos por enfermeros se aplican en países desarrollados y tienen como característica principal el énfasis en la teoría cognitiva social. El público se caracterizó por ser mayoritariamente femenino, mayor de 22 años y con bajo nivel de estudios. Conclusiones: el estudio respondió al objetivo propuesto demostrando que, a pesar del bajo costo de implementación con alto retorno social y económico, el desarrollo de estos programas aún es considerado escaso. Se reitera la necesidad de nuevos estudios que enfaticen niveles emocionales como la depresión y la ansiedad.

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