Aportaciones de la alfabetización en salud a la seguridad del paciente en atención primaria: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.1.4Palabras clave:
Alfabetización en salud, seguridad del paciente, atención primaria de salud, enfermería, atención dirigida al pacienteResumen
Introducción: el estudio aporta evidencias científicas sin precedentes para la expansión de la alfabetización en salud como herramienta capaz de aumentar la seguridad del paciente a través de una comunicación eficaz entre los profesionales de la salud y sus pacientes, especialmente en atención primaria. Objetivo: mapear la evidencia sobre el impacto de la alfabetización en salud en la seguridad de la atención a pacientes adultos en atención primaria. Material y método: revisión exploratoria según el método del Instituto Joanna Briggs, en la que se contemplaron cuidados, técnicas, protocolos o métodos de alfabetización en salud utilizados para mejorar la atención primaria de salud. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Cinahl y Google Scholar para la literatura gris. Se incluyeron los estudios originales disponibles en su totalidad, publicados hasta enero de 2023, en todos los idiomas que cubrían el tema. Dos pares seleccionaron por título y resumen, y tres pares leyeron los textos completos y extrajeron los datos de los artículos seleccionados, que se presentaron en flujogramas, tablas y narrativas descriptivas. Resultados: se encontraron 3749 estudios, de los que se seleccionaron 23. De ellos surgieron las siguientes categorías: “impacto de la alfabetización en salud sobre el compromiso y los resultados en salud de los usuarios de atención primaria”; “intervenciones que contribuyen a la alfabetización en salud en atención primaria” y “evaluación de las perspectivas de los usuarios y los profesionales sobre la alfabetización en salud”. Conclusiones: las intervenciones de alfabetización en salud centradas en la atención primaria deben fomentarse en los servicios de salud para promover la atención, prevenir enfermedades e inspirar el proceso de transformación de la población, lo que repercute directamente en la seguridad de los pacientes.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Euni de Oliveira Cavalcanti, Patrícia Silva de Figueiredo, Lorena Campos Santos, Moara Avila de Jesus Moreira, Renata Gonçalves Paulino, Thatianny Tanferri de Brito Paranaguá
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