Influencia de la masculinidad y la feminidad en el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.2.4Palabras clave:
Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, adulto joven, género y salud, estudios de género, enfermeríaResumen
Introducción: el consumo de alcohol es una práctica social compleja que desempeña un papel en la construcción y consolidación de amistades, así como en la formación de identidades de género. Este último determina los límites de los comportamientos y define lo que se considera apropiado o inapropiado en nuestra rutina diaria; por lo tanto, los patrones de consumo de alcohol no son independientes del género. Objetivo: identificar y describir la evidencia disponible sobre la influencia del género en el consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes. Materiales y método: se realizó una revisión bajo las pautas del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) y los lineamientos del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Se analizaron artículos originales a texto completo, publicados entre 2018 y 2023 en las bases BVS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, y ProQuest, sin limitación de idioma; las categorías de búsqueda fueron “Alcohol Drinking” AND “Young Adult” AND “Gender Identity” OR “Gender role”. Resultados: se identificaron 403 registros, pero solo se incluyeron 12 estudios en la síntesis. Los resultados principales de estos estudios mostraron que tanto la identidad de género como los roles de género influyen en el consumo de alcohol en adultos jóvenes. Las normas sociales de género pueden presionar a las mujeres jóvenes a mantener una imagen física y a los hombres jóvenes a mantener una imagen pública normativa. Conclusiones: las normas sociales de género influyen en los comportamientos de consumo de alcohol, por ello, es necesario tener en cuenta estas diferencias de género en las intervenciones de enfermería y estrategias de prevención.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Alicia Sarahy Martin del campo-Navarro, Mirtha Flor Cervera Vallejos, Pablo Medina Quevedo, Alicia Álvarez Aguirre , Lucero Fuentes Ocampo
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