El entorno laboral de los enfermeros de la atención primaria en salud: una revisión integradora
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https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.3.7Palabras clave:
Atención primaria de salud, enfermeros, ambiente de trabajo, agotamiento psicológico, relaciones interpersonalesResumen
Introducción: las actividades laborales incorporan elementos físicos, sociales, emocionales y técnicos. En un escenario de constante transformación, es imperativo conocer la literatura científica actual sobre la estructura y circunstancias laborales del equipo de enfermería en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Objetivo: identificar, en la literatura científica, los aspectos relacionados con el ambiente de trabajo que influyen en la labor del equipo de enfermería en APS. Materiales y método: se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora realizada en agosto de 2023 en las bases de datos Lilacs, Cinahl, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus y Embase, siguiendo las recomendaciones de The Prisma 2020 Statement. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos electrónicos completos, en portugués, inglés o español, publicados entre 2019 y 2023. La revisión utilizó el instrumento Robis para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo. Resultados: la búsqueda identificó 1417 registros en las bases de datos, de los cuales 20 fueron seleccionados para la muestra final. De estos, el 30 % eran de 2020 (n = 6), en portugués, inglés y español. Brasil presentó el mayor número de publicaciones, con 55 % (n = 11), y los estudios cualitativos representaron 55 % (n = 11) del abordaje metodológico. Del análisis surgieron las siguientes categorías temáticas: “elementos psicológicos y emocionales”, “recursos humanos, materiales e infraestructura”, “relaciones interpersonales”, “insatisfacción”, “violencia en el trabajo” y “sobrecarga”. Conclusiones: el entorno precario en la APS tiene un impacto negativo en los profesionales de enfermería y en la atención a la población. La mejora de las infraestructuras, la dotación de personal y las condiciones de trabajo son esenciales para garantizar una atención de calidad.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Lucas Lorran Costa de Andrade, Laura Cavalcanti de Farias Brehmer, Bruna Alves Machado Amazonas, Wagner Ferreira Monteiro, Amélia Nunes Sicsú, Flávia Regina Souza Ramos
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