Pandemia da covid-19 e suas repercussões nos comportamentos de saúde das famílias: revisão integrativa

Vitória Maria Ferreira de Sousa; Marcela Matias Sena; Maria Eduarda Jucá da Paz Barbosa; Jully Anne da Silva; Maria Adelane Santos de Melo; Neiva Francenely Cunha Vieira

doi:10.5294/aqui.2025.25.1.1

Autores/as

Vitória Maria Ferreira de Sousa Autor/a Universidade Federal do Ceará https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1543-7227
Marcela Matias Sena Autor/a Universidade Federal do Ceará https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2777-2417
Maria Eduarda Jucá da Paz Barbosa Autor/a Universidade Federal do Ceará https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-7663
Jully Anne da Silva Autor/a Universidade Federal do Ceará https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9600-4340
Maria Adelane Santos de Melo Autor/a Universidade Federal do Ceará https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9061-9959
Neiva Francenely Cunha Vieira Autor/a Universidade Federal do Ceará https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-2462

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2025.25.1.1

Palabras clave:

Comportamientos relacionados con la salud, familia, padres, covid-19, enfermería

Resumen

Introducción: la pandemia de covid-19 cambió las rutinas y la vida de las personas. Por lo tanto, es necesario comprender cómo este acontecimiento modificó los comportamientos en materia de salud, sobre todo en el contexto familiar. Objetivo: identificar las repercusiones de la covid-19 en los comportamientos de salud de las familias. Materiales y método: estudio de revisión integrativa basado en el método Dhollande y en The PRISMA Statement, utilizando las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed, Medline y Scopus, tomando como referencia para la búsqueda los descriptores “comportamientos relacionados con la salud”, “familia”, “padres” y “covid-19” en inglés, portugués y español. Se incluyeron estudios primarios, en inglés, portugués y español, que abordaran los efectos de la pandemia de covid-19 en los comportamientos de salud de las familias. Se excluyeron artículos duplicados, revisiones bibliográficas, informes de casos, protocolos de estudio y artículos fuera del marco temporal analizado. También se utilizó la pirámide del nivel de evidencia para evaluar la calidad y el impacto de los estudios seleccionados. Resultados: se incluyeron 17 artículos que mostraban reducción de la actividad física, mayor ingesta de alimentos ricos en grasas y azúcares, aumento del sedentarismo asociado a un mayor consumo de pantallas entre padres e hijos. También se evidenciaron dudas sobre la vacunación entre los padres y dificultades para acceder a los servicios sanitarios. Conclusión: es necesario que los profesionales de salud de atención primaria promuevan hábitos saludables y adopten prácticas preventivas en la atención a la salud familiar para comprender mejor los efectos de este evento y así poder mitigarlos.

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