Burnout en profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud en la pandemia de covid-19 y factores asociados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2025.25.3.6Palabras clave:
Salud ocupacional, coronavírus, agotamiento profesional, Atención Primaria de SaludResumen
Introducción: el agotamiento se considera un problema de salud pública, por lo que es importante abordarlo en el contexto del cuidado de la salud durante la pandemia. Objetivo: analizar el agotamiento en relación con las características sociodemográficas y laborales de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud en la pandemia de covid-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, realizado entre septiembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022, en un municipio del sur de Brasil, con 295 profesionales, de los cuales 224 llevaban trabajando al menos seis meses. Los participantes respondieron a un formulario electrónico con variables sociodemográficas y laborales y a la escala Burnout Assessment Tool. Los datos se sometieron a análisis estadístico con regresión de Poisson, valor p < 0,10. Resultados: el agotamiento emocional fue más prevalente entre los agentes comunitarios de salud (r = 0,37; p = 0,01) y los enfermeros (r = 0,52;
p = 0,04). Los participantes con una buena alimentación presentaron un menor agotamiento emocional (r = 0,64; p < 0,001) y un menor control emocional (r = -0,97; p < 0,001); la mayor edad se asoció con un menor agotamiento (r = -0,20; p < 0,001). El uso continuo de medicamentos se asoció con un mejor distanciamiento mental (r = 0,39;
p = 0,01). Los agentes comunitarios de salud tuvieron un menor deterioro cognitivo (r = 0,61; p = 0,09). Conclusión: se destaca la necesidad de crear un entorno de trabajo saludable, de autocuidado y de reducción del estrés laboral para mitigar el agotamiento de los profesionales que trabajaron durante la pandemia de covid-19.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Marcelo Nunes da Silva Fernandes, Polla Victória Paim Rodrigues Finckler, Teresinha Heck Weiller, Letícia de Lima Trindade, Juliana Petri Tavares, Daiane Dal Pai
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