A intenção de turnover e sua relação com características sociodemográficas e profissionais dos enfermeiros

Carla Maria Ferreira Guerreiro da Silva Mendes; Élvio Henriques de Jesus; Iola Maria Silvério Pinto; Beatriz Rodrigues Araújo

doi:10.5294/aqui.2026.26.1.6

Autores/as

Carla Maria Ferreira Guerreiro da Silva Mendes Autor/a Universidade Católica Portuguesa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6910-695X
Élvio Henriques de Jesus Autor/a Universidade Católica Portuguesa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-9240
Iola Maria Silvério Pinto Autor/a Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-1441
Beatriz Rodrigues Araújo Autor/a Universidade Católica Portuguesa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-2449

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2026.26.1.6

Palabras clave:

Enfermero, turnover, características sociodemográficas, características profesionales, calidad de la atención, seguridad del paciente

Resumen

Introducción: La escasez de enfermeros asociada al fenómeno del turnover conlleva graves consecuencias para las organizaciones, profesionales y pacientes, poniendo en riesgo la calidad y seguridad de la atención, así como la distribución equitativa de enfermeros y la sostenibilidad de los servicios de salud. La intención de turnover se considera el mejor predictor y antecedente de la decisión final de abandonar la organización. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre la intención de turnover y las características sociodemográficas y profesionales de una muestra de enfermeros. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de conveniencia compuesta por 338 enfermeros. Se utilizó una escala de evaluación de la intención de turnover traducida y validada para Portugal (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach = 0,91). El análisis descriptivo e inferencial, con la aplicación de pruebas paramétricas, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05, se realizó utilizando el software IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 30.0. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre las variables compuestas, la intención de marcharse y la intención de permanecer, y las variables sociodemográficas y profesionales: grupo de edad, estado civil, régimen contractual, tiempo de servicio, tiempo de permanencia en la institución, tiempo de permanencia en el servicio/unidad actual y contexto laboral. Conclusión: el conocimiento de las principales características sociodemográficas y profesionales asociadas a la intención de turnover de los enfermeros permite anticipar la implementación de estrategias, especialmente dirigidas a profesionales con mayor riesgo de abandonar la institución, promoviendo la estabilidad de los equipos, un requisito indispensable para garantizar la calidad y la seguridad de los cuidados de enfermería.

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