La experiencia del cuidador desde la mirada de hombres y mujeres: revisión integrativa

Diego José Caicedo Fajardo; Claudia Andrea Ramírez-Perdomo; Liseth Fabiana Sánchez Castro

doi:10.5294/aqui.2023.23.4.5

Autores/as

Diego José Caicedo Fajardo Autor/a South Colombian University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-8457
Claudia Andrea Ramírez-Perdomo Autor/a South Colombian University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-773X
Liseth Fabiana Sánchez Castro Autor/a South Colombian University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-1068

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.4.5

Palabras clave:

Cuidadores, acontecimientos que cambian la vida, enfermedad crónica, empatía, salud mental

Resumen

Introducción: la necesidad de cuidado se ha incrementado de manera exponencial en los últimos años, asociada a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Los cuidadores han sido principalmente mujeres, si bien en los últimos años se ha incrementado el número de hombres que asumen este papel. Cada uno de ellos aborda el cuidado de manera diferente, construyendo su experiencia del cuidado distinto uno del otro. Objetivo: identificar a través de la evidencia científica el significado de ser cuidador para hombres y mujeres que asumen el rol. Metodología: se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura, siguiendo la propuesta de Whittemore y Knafl, de artículos publicados en el periodo de 2012 a 2023. Se utilizaron las palabras claves en español, inglés y portugués. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Ovid y PubMed. Se analizaron veinticuatro artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: emergieron los siguientes temas: “Pérdidas y limitaciones por el rol del cuidador”, “Sentimientos experimentados por el cuidador”, “Cuidar como un acto de amor” y “Trascendencia del cuidado: entre la espiritualidad y la religiosidad”. Conclusiones: se evidenció que los hombres enfocan sus cuidados hacia el confort, aseo y medicación de la persona cuidada. Las mujeres prestan sus cuidados enfocados en el apoyo emocional incesante, asumiendo tal disposición en todo tiempo y lugar, construyendo una experiencia de cuidado dirigida a “estar siempre pendiente”. En ambos géneros, se resalta la aparición de estrés, pérdida del sentido de la vida y sentimientos negativos.

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