La experiencia del cuidador desde la mirada de hombres y mujeres: revisión integrativa

Diego José Caicedo Fajardo; Claudia Andrea Ramírez-Perdomo; Liseth Fabiana Sánchez Castro

doi:10.5294/aqui.2023.23.4.5

Autores

Diego José Caicedo Fajardo Autor South Colombian University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-8457
Claudia Andrea Ramírez-Perdomo Autor South Colombian University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-773X
Liseth Fabiana Sánchez Castro Autor South Colombian University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-1068

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.4.5

Palavras-chave:

Cuidadores, acontecimentos que mudam a vida, doença crônica, empatia, saúde mental

Resumo

Introdução: a necessidade de cuidados aumentou exponencialmente nos últimos anos, associada a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Os cuidadores têm sido principalmente mulheres, embora nos últimos anos tenha havido um crescimento no número de homens que assumem essa função. Cada um deles aborda o cuidado de forma distinta, construindo sua experiência de cuidado de forma diferente um do outro. Objetivo: identificar, por meio de evidências científicas, o significado de ser um cuidador para homens e mulheres que assumem essa função. Materiais e método: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, seguindo a proposta de Whittemore e Knafl, de artigos publicados de 2012 a 2023. Foram utilizadas palavras-chave em espanhol, inglês e português. As bases de dados consultadas foram Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Ovid e PubMed. Foram analisados 24 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: emergiram os seguintes temas: “Perdas e limitações devido ao papel do cuidador”, “Sentimentos vivenciados pelo cuidador”, “Cuidar como um ato de amor” e “Transcendência do cuidado: entre a espiritualidade e a religiosidade”. Conclusões: verificou-se que os homens concentram seus cuidados no conforto, na limpeza e na medicação da pessoa cuidada. As mulheres prestam cuidados com foco no apoio emocional incessante, assumindo essa disposição em todos os momentos e lugares, construindo uma experiência de cuidado voltada para “estar sempre atenta”. Em ambos os gêneros, destaca-se a ocorrência de estresse, perda de sentido da vida e sentimentos negativos.

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