Cuidados de enfermagem na promoção do conforto para a  pessoa em situação paliativa: scoping review

Olga Moura Ramos; José Alberto Fernandes Traila Monteiro de Sá; Marta Millan Figuerola; Jacinta Maria Pisco Alves Gomes; Maria Cristina Bompastor Augusto; Maria José Almendra Rodrigues Gomes

doi:10.5294/aqui.2024.24.3.2

Autores/as

Olga Moura Ramos Autor/a Universidade Católica Portuguesa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0039-2433
José Alberto Fernandes Traila Monteiro de Sá Autor/a Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8636-3846
Marta Millan Figuerola Autor/a Hospital Pedro Hispano https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4133-5821
Jacinta Maria Pisco Alves Gomes Autor/a Universidade Católica Portuguesa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-9589
Maria Cristina Bompastor Augusto Autor/a Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-9547
Maria José Almendra Rodrigues Gomes Autor/a Polytechnic Institute of Bragança https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9825-8293

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.3.2

Palabras clave:

Cuidados paliativos, atención de enfermería, comodidad del paciente, enfermería, revisión de la investigación por pares

Resumen

Introducción: comprender el sentido y el significado de la comodidad para las personas en situación paliativa puede ser un reto para el profesional de enfermería a la hora de definir los cuidados. Objetivo: mapear la evidencia científica disponible sobre los cuidados de enfermería que promueven la comodidad en las personas en situación paliativa. Materiales y método: revisión de la literatura según las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute y Prisma-ScR. Búsqueda completa en Medline Complete, Cinhal Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal y OpenGrey. Estudios primarios incluidos, con metodología cuantitativa, cualitativa o mixta, publicados entre enero de 2014 y marzo de 2023, en portugués, inglés o español. Sintaxis de investigación ajustada a cada base de datos. Combinación de MeSH, palabras de texto y términos de indexación utilizando los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se utilizó el truncamiento* para mejorar la búsqueda. Resultados: se identificaron 681 artículos, de los cuales 239 eran duplicados. Se analizaron 442 estudios y se excluyeron 409 porque no reflejaban el tema. Se recuperó el texto completo de 33 artículos y se incluyeron 8 en la revisión. Los cuidados de enfermería que promueven la comodidad integran las dimensiones física, psicoespiritual, ambiental y sociocultural. Destacan la aplicación de medidas farmacológicas, el respeto a las creencias religiosas y culturales, la facilitación de la presencia de familiares, la comunicación y la flexibilización de las normas. Conclusiones: la promoción de la comodidad de las personas en situación paliativa incluye los cuidados directos y el apoyo a la familia. La individualización de los cuidados y la respuesta a las necesidades específicas pueden producir alivio, facilidad y trascendencia.

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