La eficacia del yoga en la reducción de los síntomas depresivos: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.3.8Palabras clave:
Depresión, trastorno depresivo, yoga, resultado del tratamiento, terapias complementariasResumen
Introducción: El ritmo acelerado de los cambios en la vida contemporánea aumenta la demanda de adaptación, lo que conduce a patologías depresivas debidas al malestar psicológico. Por ello, el yoga ha surgido como un enfoque complementario para el tratamiento de la depresión. Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia del yoga en la reducción de los síntomas depresivos. Materiales y método: revisión sistemática de la literatura, que siguió la metodología del Joanna Briggs Institute para revisiones sistemáticas de efectividad, y el protocolo de revisión se registró en Prospero con el código CRD42023448158. Para formular la pregunta de investigación, se adoptó la estrategia Pico, en la que “P” son personas con depresión; “I”, Yoga; “C”, personas que no han realizado Yoga; “O”, mejora/reducción de los síntomas depresivos. Se siguieron los requisitos del diagrama de flujo de Prisma y la búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, BDEnf, Ibecs, PsycINFO y Cinahl. Se utilizó la escala Jadad para evaluar la calidad metodológica y la Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo. Resultados: Se identificaron 1138 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron 10 para la extracción de datos, la lectura detallada y la síntesis cualitativa. El yoga, especialmente el mindfulness yoga, ha demostrado ser una intervención eficaz para diversas condiciones, incluida la depresión. Los beneficios incluyen mejoras significativas en la gravedad de la depresión, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la disfunción motora, la movilidad, el bienestar espiritual y la actividad del sistema nervioso parasimpático. Conclusión: Los estudios destacan la eficacia del yoga en la reducción de los síntomas depresivos en diferentes poblaciones y contextos, reforzando su eficacia como enfoque terapéutico complementario en el tratamiento de la depresión.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Giovanna Vitória Aragão de Almeida Santos, Fernando José Guedes da Silva Junior, Jaqueline Carvalho e Silva Sales, Lívia Carvalho Pereira
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