Prática e conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem na atenção primária sobre o transtorno do espectro autista: estudo qualitativo

Giselle Pereira da Silva; Sâmara Danielly de Medeiros Alves; Juce Ally Lopes de Melo; Rodrigo Jacob Moreira de Freitas

doi:10.5294/aqui.2025.25.2.3

Autores/as

Giselle Pereira da Silva Autor/a Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-0697
Sâmara Danielly de Medeiros Alves Autor/a Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5519-5261
Juce Ally Lopes de Melo Autor/a Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3231-9916
Rodrigo Jacob Moreira de Freitas Autor/a Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5528-2995

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2025.25.2.3

Palabras clave:

Trastorno del espectro autista, enfermería, Atención Primaria de Salud, investigación cualitativa

Resumen

Introducción: la creciente prevalencia del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y la complejidad de los cuidados requeridos hacen que el conocimiento de las enfermeras de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) sea crucial para la calidad de la atención prestada. Objetivo: comprender la práctica y el conocimiento de los enfermeros de APS de Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, sobre el TEA. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, cualitativo, con nueve enfermeros seleccionados según criterios de inclusión (servidores públicos o con contrato público y más de un año de experiencia) y exclusión (en licencia o vacaciones). Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: surgieron cuatro categorías temáticas: 1) Percepción profesional: repertorio de conocimientos de los enfermeros de APS sobre el TEA; 2) Papel de los enfermeros en la atención a las personas con TEA; 3) Potencialidades y desafíos de la atención holística en APS para el TEA; 4) Formación continuada como estrategia para el fortalecimiento de la atención. Conclusión: el estudio reveló vacíos significativos en el conocimiento y la práctica de los enfermeros de APS sobre el TEA, destacando la necesidad de formación continua y específica. La falta de capacitación limita la atención adecuada, particularmente en la detección temprana y el manejo de casos complejos. El estudio sugiere futuras investigaciones que profundicen en estas cuestiones, ampliando perspectivas que garanticen mejoras en las prácticas clínicas y en la promoción de la salud, el bienestar y la calidad de vida.

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