Health-promoting Behavior among Students at an Institution of Higher Education

Abstract

Objective: This study was intended to determine the predictive factors that influence health-promoting behavior among students at an institution of higher education in Cali (Colombia), using the Pender model. Materials and methods: A descriptive, correlational design was used with a sample of 384 students who were selected at random. The confidence level is 95% (p ≤ .05) and the margin of error, 5% . Health-promoting behavior and bio-psycho-social-cultural factors were the variables. Health-Promoting Lifestyle II was the instrument applied to measure the dependent variable, perceived self-efficacy, perceived state of health and the socio-demographic variables. Results: In all, 50.1% of the students in the sample showed above-average health-promoting behavior. The behavior reinforced in above-average students included spiritual growth (61.7%), interpersonal relations (53.4%) and responsibility in health (50.5%). The below-average behavior deficits were physical activity (46.7%), stress management (46%) and nutrition (49.6%). According to a multiple regression model, the factors that predicted greater variability in Health-Promoting Behavior II were, in order of importance, perceived state of health, self-efficacy and type of family relationship at home (R2 = 11.6%, p < 0,000). Conclusion: These factors were regarded as having minimal impact on students’ health-promoting behavior. However, it is recommended they be taken into account when promoting student care.