Gaps in the Salutogenesis ff Hypertension and Type II Diabetes in Chile

Abstract

Introduction: This study presents the research on health improvement in people with chronic cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and type II diabetes, using a salutogenic approach. Unlike other studies, it incorporates the asset-based community development (ABCD) model, which prioritizes community resources and collective collaboration, rather than focusing solely on conventional medical care. Objective: To identify gaps, assets, and challenges in the care of these diseases from the perspective of patients and healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 12 patients from community associations who had hypertension and/or type II diabetes, and 8 healthcare professionals selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the ABCD model, which promotes social networking and collective action. Methodological rigor was ensured through data triangulation and specialist validation. Results: The data analysis enabled the creation of a map of community assets, identifying key actors and their interactions. The ABCD model was used to understand how community resources influence care and the capacity for collective action. Among the challenges encountered, the lack of collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals, misinformation regarding care options, and inequality in access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas, stand out. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of the ABCD model in strengthening community networks and improving care processes, especially in rural and neglected communities.