Symptom Clusters in Cancer Patients: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the current state of research developed on symptom clusters in adults with can- cer. Method: The authors conducted an integrative review of scientific output between 2001 and 2016. Sixty-one articles were included, given their contribution towards understanding the subject in question. Results: The study of symptom clusters in persons with cancer is emerging as a novel, relevant and necessary area for nursing research and practice in oncology, with trends and challenges that include: (1) developing conceptual frameworks; (2) determining ways and means to create and classify them; and (3) generating studies with specific population groups, according to types of cancer and treatment, and the consolidation of nursing interventions. Conclusions: Cancer patients experience multiple symptoms simultaneously during the different phases of the disease. Research on this phenomenon is incipient and the challenges for nursing are focused on generating responses that relieve the burden of symptom clusters and help to improve the quality of life for these patients. It is necessary to validate symptom load scales and to explore symptom clusters, including clinical variables linked to the different types of oncological treatment.