Discriminación y acceso a la salud de personas con discapacidad: una revisión integradora de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.3.4Palabras clave:
Personas con discapacidad, accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, capacitismo, vulnerabilidad en salud, salud de las personas con discapacidadResumen
Introducción: las personas con discapacidad se enfrentan a numerosos retos cotidianos. A pesar de los avances legislativos y las políticas de inclusión, la discriminación de las personas con discapacidad persiste en diversos ámbitos de la vida, incluido el acceso a los servicios de salud. Objetivo: realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura para investigar los factores asociados a la discriminación que sufren las personas con discapacidad en los servicios de salud. Materiales y método: la búsqueda se realizó en febrero de 2024, en las bases de datos IBECS, Lilacs, BDEnf, Medine (PubMed), Scopus y Web of Science; se utilizaron los descriptores de salud (DeCS) “personas con discapacidad”, “discriminación social” y “servicios de salud”. Se incluyeron artículos originales, disponibles en su totalidad, de los últimos cinco años y en cualquier idioma. En cuanto a los criterios de exclusión, se optó por excluir los artículos duplicados y los que no respondían a la pregunta orientadora. Resultados: se identificaron 162 registros, de los cuales se seleccionaron 17 estudios y, al final, la muestra totalizó 10 hallazgos. De estos hallazgos, los principales factores asociados a la experiencia discriminatoria a la que se enfrentan las personas con discapacidad a la hora de acceder y utilizar el sistema de salud fueron la “estigmatización”, la “negligencia”, los “prejuicios” y las “dificultades de acceso”. Conclusiones: se encontraron algunos factores de discriminación significativos, como las barreras financieras, la falta de formación de los profesionales de la salud y otras brechas que generan prejuicios, estigmatización y negligencia. Por lo tanto, es fundamental contar con políticas públicas que garanticen la accesibilidad de los servicios, ayudas económicas para los pacientes con discapacidad, programas de formación para los profesionales de la salud y más investigación sobre este tema.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Francisco Nalberth Santos Silva, Maria Eduarda Carvalho Sousa, Caroline Evaristo Lourenço, Antônia Valéria Pereira Paiva, Thais Correia Monteiro, Monaliza Ribeiro Mariano Grimaldi
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