Factores asociados a la capacidad de autocuidado de personas hospitalizadas en un sector clínico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2025.25.2.4Palabras clave:
Enfermería, autocuidado, teorías de enfermería, estudio observacional, condiciones crónicasResumen
Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la capacidad de autocuidado de las personas con condiciones crónicas hospitalizadas en unidad clínica. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional realizado en una unidad de hospitalización clínica de adultos. Los datos se recogieron mediante un formulario de caracterización de los participantes y la Escala de Valoración de la Capacidad de Autocuidado (ASAS-R, sigla en inglés), analizándose posteriormente mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de asociación (coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y ANOVA). En todos los análisis se utilizó un nivel de significación del 5 %. Resultados: participaron 100 pacientes, con predominio de hombres; 59,78 años de media; la mayoría tenían estudios primarios incompletos, estaban casados y jubilados. A partir de la aplicación de la ASAS-R, os pacientes demostraron poder para el autocuidado; no obstante, presentaron una capacidad reducida, según lo indicado por la media de la ASAS-R (53,56). Las características individuales asociadas con una menor capacidad de autocuidado fueron el sexo masculino (p = 0,006), la baja escolaridad (p = 0,022), la ausencia de religión (p = 0,050), una hospitalización más prolongada (p = 0,016) y el uso diario de medicación (p = 0,004). Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que las personas con condiciones crónicas hospitalizadas en unidad clínica presentan capacidad de autocuidado reducida, la que se asocia a factores individuales y clínicos se asociaron.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Jennifer de Mello Derigge, Andressa Rueda de Lima, Cristina Mara Zamarioli, Aline Helena Appoloni Eduardo
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Números de la subvención 2022/15679-8
