Educación para el empoderamiento para incrementar la adherencia a la medicación entre pacientes de la tercera edad con hipertensión en zonas rurales de Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2026.26.1.3Palabras clave:
Educación para el empoderamiento, hipertensión, adherencia a los medicamentos, ancianos, medio ruralResumen
Introducción: El empoderamiento es uno de los enfoques más efectivos para promover comportamientos saludables y mejorar la adherencia a la medicación de las personas mayores. Objetivo: Apuntamos a investigar la efectividad de la educación para el empoderamiento para mejorar la adherencia a la medicación de las personas mayores con hipertensión. Materiales y métodos: Usamos un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño cuasiexperimental. Las personas mayores con hipertensión fueron divididas al azar en un grupo de intervención (n=22), que recibió educación para el empoderamiento y un grupo de control (n=22), que recibió los cuidados estándar del centro médico. El programa de educación para el empoderamiento incluyó información sobre la hipertensión, la importancia de la adherencia a la medicación y técnicas para manejar la hipertensión a través de modificaciones del estilo de vida. La adherencia a la medicación se midió usando el cuestionario de la Escala Morisky de Adherencia a la Medicación-8 (NMAS-8, por sus siglas en inglés). Análisis estadístico: Para determinar la presión arterial y la categoría de conformidad con la toma de medicamentos geriátricos del pre- y postest, y del seguimiento entre el grupo de intervención y el grupo de control (entre sujetos), se realizó el test Mann-Whitney, y para determinar la fuerza del efecto del tamaño se aplicó la prueba del Tamaño del Efecto de Cohen. Resultados: La adherencia a la medicación en el grupo de intervención mostró un incremento significativo (p = 0,000) con un tamaño del efecto moderado (d > 0,05). Por su parte, la adherencia en el grupo de control no fue significativa (p=0,392). Conclusiones: Esta intervención puede ser una opción para que las enfermeras ayuden a los adultos mayores a mejorar su adherencia a la medicación y, en consecuencia, su calidad de vida.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Andi Fitrah Ramadhanty, Andi Masyitha Irwan, Andina Setyawati
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