Successful Aging and Personal Well-Being Among the Chilean Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Elderly

Lorena Patricia Gallardo-Peralta; Esteban Sánchez- Moreno

doi:10.5294/aqui.2019.19.3.9

Autores

Lorena Patricia Gallardo-Peralta Autor 1. University of Tarapacá 2. Complutense University of Madrid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-2704
Esteban Sánchez- Moreno Autor Complutense University of Madrid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-9485

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2019.19.3.9

Palavras-chave:

Envelhecimento, saúde do idoso, envelhecimento saudável, envelhecimento bem sucedido, bem-estar subjetivo, saúde intercultural, grupos indígenas, saúde de populaçoes indígenas.

Resumo

Envejecimiento exitoso y bienestar personal en adultos mayores chilenos indígenas y no indígenas

Envelhecimento bem-sucedido e bem-estar pessoal em idosos chilenos indígenas e não indígenas

Objetivo: analisar a associação entre envelhecimento bem-sucedido e bem-estar subjetivo em seus diferentes domínios. Método: trata-se de um desenho quantitativo e transversal, com uma amostra composta por 800 idosos, incluídos 569 indígenas (aymaras e mapuches), que habitam no norte e no sul do Chile. Resultados: os domínios associados com o envelhecimento bem-sucedido são satisfação com a saúde, satisfação com as relações sociais, satisfação com a segurança futura e satisfação com as experiências espirituais e religiosas. Além disso, associa-se de forma positiva com ser mulher, jovem e não indígena. Conclusão: esta pesquisa tem duas implicações práticas principais. Na primeira, esses domínios do bem-estar subjetivo podem ser incorporados às intervenções sociossanitárias, já que estão relacionados com elementos que podem ser mudados ou melhorados (saúde, inclusão social, segurança e crenças). Em segundo lugar, este estudo sugere uma situação de risco entre os idosos chilenos indígenas, o que confirma a hipótese de que as trajetórias de vida dos indígenas chilenos que enfrentaram mais risco social levam a uma velhice com mais desigualdade social, razão pela qual é importante analisar aspectos positivos que promovam um melhor envelhecimento.

Para citar este artigo / Para citar este artículo / To cite this article

Gallardo-Peralta LP, Sánchez-Moreno E. Successful Aging and Personal Well-Being Among the Chilean Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Elderly. Aquichan 2019; 19(3): e1939. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2019.19.3.9

Received: 09/03/2019

Accepted: 28/05/2019

Este artigo foi financiado pelo governo do Chile (projeto FONDECYT 1170493).

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Lorena Patricia Gallardo-Peralta, 1. University of Tarapacá 2. Complutense University of Madrid

Is an assistant lecturer at the University of Tarapacá (Arica, Chile) and Visiting scholar in the Faculty of Social Work at the Complutense University of Madrid . Her current research interests are social gerontology, quality of life, social support and health, successful aging, and social intervention techniques.

Esteban Sánchez- Moreno, Complutense University of Madrid

is a senior lecturer at Complutense University ofMadrid (Spain). His current research interests are social inequalities, social determinants of health, and social exclusion.

Referências

Ferrada L, Zavala M. Bienestar psicológico: adultos mayores activos a través del voluntariado. Cienc enferm. 2014;20(1):123-130. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95532014000100011

Olivi A, Fadda G, Pizzi M. Evaluación de la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores en la ciudad de Valparaíso. Pap Poblac. 2015;21(84):227-49. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-74252015000200009

Gallardo-Peralta LP, Conde-Llanes D, Córdova I. Asociación entre envejecimiento exitoso y participación social en personas mayores chilenas, Gerokomos. 2016;27(3):104-108. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1134-928X2016000300004

Jivraj S, Nazroo J, Vanhoutte B, Chandola T. Aging and subjective well-being in later life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014;69(6):930-41. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu006

Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Human aging: usual and successful. Science. 1987;237(4811):143-49. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3299702

Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Successful aging. Gerontologist. 1997;37(4):433-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433

Cheng ST. Defining successful aging: The need to distinguish pathways from outcomes. Int Psychogeriatr. 2014;26(4):527-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610213001713

Cosco TD, Prina AM, Perales J, Stephan BC, Brayne C. Operational definitions of successful aging: a systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr. 2014;26(3):373-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610213002287

Kim SH, Park S. A Meta-Analysis of the Correlates of Successful Aging in Older Adults. Res Aging. 2017;39(5):657-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027516656040

Cheng ST. Defining successful aging: The need to distinguish pathways from outcomes. Int Psychogeriatr. 2014;26(4):527-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027516656040

Troutman M, Nies MA, Small S, Bates A. The development and testing of an instrument to measure successful aging. Res Gerontol Nurs. 2011;4(3):221-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20110106-02

Arias-Merino ED, Mendoza-Ruvalcaba NM, Arias-Merino MJ, Cueva-Contreras J, Vazquez-Arias C. Prevalence of successful aging in the elderly in western Mexico. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2012:460249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/460249

Olivera J, Tournier I. Successful ageing and multi-dimensional poverty: the case of Peru. Ageing Soc. 2015;36(8):1690-1714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X15000665

Gallardo-Peralta LP, Cuadra-Peralta A, Cámara-Rojo X, Gaspar-Delpino B, Sánchez-Lillo R. Validación del inventario de envejecimiento exitoso en personas mayores chilenas. Rev méd Chile. 2017;145(2):172-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872017000200004

Yeatts DE, Cready CM, Pei X, Shen Y, Luo H. Environment and subjective well-being of rural Chinese elderly: a multilevel analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014;69(6):979-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu050

Casas F. El bienestar personal: su investigación en la infancia y la adolescencia. Encuentros psicol soc. 2010;5(1),85-101.

Wills E. Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being: Evidences for a New Domain in the Personal Well-Being Index. J Happiness Stud. 2009;10:49-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-007-9061-6

Douma L, Steverink N, Hutter I, Meijering L. Exploring Subjective Well-being in Older Age by Using Participant-generated Word Clouds. Gerontologist. 2017;57(2):229-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv119

International Wellbeing Group. Personal Wellbeing Index. 4th ed. Melbourne: Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University; 2006.

Gallardo-Peralta LP, Molina MA, Schettini R. Validation of the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) for older Chilean adults. Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610218002375

Gutiérrez M, Galiana L, Tomás JM, Sancho P, Sanchís E. Predicting life satisfaction in Angolan elderly: The moderating effect of gender. Psychosoc Interv. 2014;23(1):17-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/in2014a2

Carmona-Valdés SE, Ribeiro-Ferreira M. Social activities and personal wellbeing in aging. Pap Polach. 2010;16(65),163-85. Available from: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=11215313006

Roh S, Lee KH, Yoon DP. General Well-Being of Korean Immigrant Elders: The Significance of Religiousness/Spirituality and Social Support. J Soc Serv Res. 2013;39(4),483-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2012.709451

Meléndez JC, Tomás JM, Navarro E. Everyday life activities and Well-being: Their relationships with age and gender in the elderly. An Psicol-Spain. 2011;27(1):164-69. Available from: https://revistas.um.es/analesps/article/view/113591/107581

Thomas PA. Is it better to give or to receive? Social support and the well-being of older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2010;65B(3):351-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp113

Cheng ST, Lee CKL, Chan ACM, Leung EMF, Lee JJ. Social network types and subjective well-being in Chinese older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009;64(6):713-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp075

Litwin H, Shiovitz-Ezra S. Social Network Type and Subjective Well-being in a National Sample of Older Americans. Gerontologist. 2011;51(3):379-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnq094

Li H, Ji Y, Chen T. The Roles of Different Sources of Social Support on Emotional Well-Being among Chinese Elderly. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e90051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090051

Castillo-Carniglia A, Albala C, Gangour AD, Uauy R. Factors associated with life satisfaction in a cohort of older people in Santiago, Chile. Gac Sanit. 2012;26(5):414-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.11.021

Ramírez M, Lee SL. Factors associated to life satisfaction in adults over 60 years old. Polis. 2012;11(33):407-28. Available from: https://journals.openedition.org/polis/8594?lang=en

Vivaldi F, Barra E. Psychological Well-Being, Perceived Social Support and Health Perception Among Older Adults. Ter Psicol. 2012;30(2):23-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082012000200002

Young Y, Frick KD, Phelan EA. Can successful aging and chronic illness coexist in the same individual? A multidimensional concept of successful aging. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009;10(2):87-92. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2008.11.003

Palmore E. Predictors of Successful Aging. Gerontologist. 1975;19(5):427-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/19.5_Part_1.427

Fisher BJ. Successful Aging, Life Satisfaction, and Generativity in Later Life. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1995;41(3):239-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2190/HA9X-H48D-9GYB-85XW

Iwamasa GY, Iwasaki M. A new multidimensional model of successful aging: Perceptions of Japanese American older adults. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2011;26(3):261-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-011-9147-9

Jopp DS, Wozniak D, Damarin AK, De Feo M, Jung S, Jeswani S. How could lay perspectives on successful aging complement scientific theory? Findings from a US and a German life-span sample. Gerontologist. 2015;55(1):91-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu059

Cené CW, Dilworth-Anderson P, Leng I, Garcia L, Benavente V, Rosal M., et al. Correlates of successful aging in racial and ethnic minority women age 80 years and older: findings from the Women’s Health Initiative. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016;71(1):S87-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv099

Browne CV, Ka’opua LS, Jervis LL, Alboroto R, Trockman ML. United States Indigenous Populations and Dementia: Is There a Case for Culture-based Psychosocial Interventions? Gerontologist. 2017;57(6):1011-1019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw059

Borghi AC, Alvarez AM, Marcon SS, Carreira L. Cultural singularities: indigenous elderly access to Public Health Service. Rev Esc Enferm. 2015;49(4):0589-0595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420150000400008

Gallardo-Peralta LP, Sánchez-Moreno E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V. Strangers in their own world: exploring the relation between cultural practices and the health of older adults in native communities in Chile. Brit J Soc Work. Forthcoming 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz045

Matsuoka AK. Ethnic/racial minority older adults and recovery: Integrating stories of resilience and hope in social work. Br J Soc Work. 2015;45(1):135-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcv120

Pace JE, Grenier A. Expanding the Circle of Knowledge: Reconceptualizing Successful Aging Among North American Older Indigenous Peoples. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2017;72(2):248-258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw128

Gallardo-Peralta LP, Sánchez-Moreno E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V. Quality of life in indigenous and non-indigenous older persons in the north of Chile. Interciencia. 2018;43(5):313-316. Available from: https://www.interciencia.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/313-GALLARDO-43_5.pdf

Kleineidam L, Thoma MV, Maercker A, Bickel H, Mösch E, Hajek A, et al. What Is Successful Aging? A Psychometric Validation Study of Different Construct Definitions. Gerontologist. Forthcoming 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny083

Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. Encuesta Nacional de Caracterización socioeconómica, CASEN, 2015. Santiago (Chile): Ministry of Social Development.

Carrasco AM, González H. Population mobility and processes of rural-urban linkages between the Aymara of northern Chile. Si Somos Am. 2014;14(2):217-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-09482014000200009

Cummins RA, McCabe MP, Romeo Y, Gullone E. The Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale: Instrument development and psychometric evaluation on tertiary staff and students. Educ Psychol Meas. 1994;54(2),372-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164494054002011

Depp CA, Jeste DV. Definitions and predictors of successful aging: A comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14(1):6-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JGP.0000192501.03069.bc

Cho J, Martin P, Poonn LW. Successful Aging and Subjective Well-Being Among Oldest-Old Adults. Gerontologist. 2015;55(1):132-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu074

Strawbridge WJ, Cohen RD, Shema SJ, Kaplan GA. Successful aging: predictors and associated activities. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144(2):135-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008900

Torres S. Expanding the gerontological imagination on ethnicity: conceptual and theoretical perspectives. Ageing Soc. 2015;35(5):935-960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X14001330

Whitley E, Popham F, Benzeval M. Comparison of the Rowe–Kahn Model of Successful Aging With Self-rated Health and Life Satisfaction: The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Prospective Cohort Study. Gerontologist. 2016;56(6):1082-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv054

Antonucci TC, Ajrouch KJ, Birditt KS. The convoy model: explaining social relations from a multidisciplinary perspective. Gerontologist. 2014;54(1):82-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt118

Gallardo-Peralta LP, Barrón López de Roda A, Molina MA, Schettini R. Family and community support among older Chilean adults: the importance of heterogeneous social support sources for quality of life. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2018;61(6):584-604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2018.1489928

Kang SY, Kim J. Successful Aging and Economic Security Among Older Koreans. In: Cheng ST, Chi I, Fung H, Li L, Woo J, editors. Successful Aging. Springer: Dordrecht; 2015.

Dahany MM, Dramé M, Mahmoudi R, Novella JL, Ciocan D, Kanagaratnam L. et al. Factors associated with successful aging in persons aged 65 to 75 years. European Geriatric Medicine. 2014;5(6):365-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2014.09.005

Bailly N, Martinent G, Ferrand C, Agli O, Giraudeau C, Gana K, Roussiau N. Spirituality, social support, and flexibility among older adults: a five-year longitudinal study. Int Psychogeriatr. 2018;30(12):1745-1752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610218000029

Kahana E, Kahana B. Contextualizing successful aging: new directions in an age-old search. In: Settersten RA Jr, editor. Invitation to the life course: toward a new understanding of late life. Amityville (NY): Baywood Publishing; 2003.