Efectos de la rehabilitación pulmonar en hombres vs. mujeres con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en Colombia

Jhonatan Betancourt-Peña; Juan Carlos Avila Valencia; Arley Facundo Duarte

doi:10.5294/aqui.2021.21.1.6

Autores

Jhonatan Betancourt-Peña Autor Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-7628
Juan Carlos Avila Valencia Autor Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-6428
Arley Facundo Duarte Autor Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-7780

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2021.21.1.6

Palavras-chave:

Reabilitação, pneumopatias, sexo, dispneia, qualidade de vida, exercício físico

Resumo

Objetivo: determinar os efeitos da reabilitação pulmonar em homens e mulheres com diagnóstico de DPOC em uma clínica na Colômbia.

Método: estudo descritivo longitudinal em 75 pacientes com DPOC que ingressaram em programa de reabilitação pulmonar durante os anos de 2018 e 2019. A população foi dividida em grupos de acordo com o sexo e foram avaliadas algumas características sociodemográficas, espirometria em porcentagem do previsto, índice de massa corporal, mMRC dispneia, capacidade de exercício e algumas variáveis fisiológicas com o teste de caminhada de seis minutos, ansiedade-depressão (HADS) e qualidade de vida (SGRQ). Considerou-se o valor de p <0,05 como estatisticamente significativo.

Resultados: a taxa de fumaça de maços por ano foi maior nos homens 34 ± 29,11 (p <0,001), enquanto a exposição à fumaça de lenha foi cinco vezes maior nas mulheres (p = 0,037). Todas as variáveis da capacidade de exercício melhoraram significativamente (p <0,021), destacando-se a distância percorrida 63,26 ± 60,03 versus 51,53 ± 61,02 a favor das mulheres. O mMRC dispneia foi inicialmente maior nas mulheres em relação aos homens 0,709 ± 0,287 e evidenciou maior alteração nas mulheres 1,294 ± 0,415 versus homens 0,736 ± 0,880 ao final da reabilitação pulmonar.

Conclusão: a reabilitação pulmonar em mulheres mostra um aumento na distância percorrida de 63,26 metros e uma diminuição de 1.294 pontos na dispneia, enquanto para os homens os valores obtidos foram 51,53 metros e 0,736 pontos, respectivamente, e uma melhoria na qualidade de vida nos homens de 11,47 pontos do SGRQ em relação às mulheres, onde foi de 0,600 pontos.

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