Requisitos de autocuidado para pessoas com estomias intestinais: revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.2.5Palavras-chave:
Estomia, autocuidado, enfermagem, educação em saúde, modelos de enfermagemResumo
O autocuidado é um dos principais fatores alterados na vida da pessoa com estomia. Requisitos de autocuidado com o apoio da enfermagem são necessários. Objetivos: mapear os requisitos de autocuidado para pessoas com estomia intestinal em seu processo adaptativo, norteado pela teoria de Orem. Materiais e método: revisão de escopo realizada entre maio e junho de 2022, na qual foram selecionados estudos publicados de 2000 a 2022, com base no referencial da teoria de enfermagem do déficit do autocuidado de Orem. Utilizaram-se como fontes de evidência Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cinahl, Scopus, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base de dados em Enfermagem, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, Theses Canada, DART-Europe E-Theses Portal e National ETD Portal. Incluíram-se estudos que apresentassem pelo menos um requisito de autocuidado para pessoas com estomias intestinais, que abordassem ou não a teoria de Orem e publicados na íntegra. Seguiram-se as recomendações da Joanna Briggs Institute e do Prisma International Guide, com registro na Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/XRH5K). Usaram-se os seguintes descritores e estratégias de busca: (ostomy OR colostomy OR ileostomy OR stoma) AND (self care OR self-management) AND (adaptation OR adjustment). Resultados: a amostra final foi composta de 87 estudos. Nos requisitos universais, predominaram estudos na categoria “aspectos nutricionais”, dos quais o mais frequente foi “comer regularmente e seguir uma dieta equilibrada” (23; 26,4 %); nos requisitos de desenvolvimento, a categoria prevalente foi “cuidados com a estomia e a pele periestomal” e o requisito, “avaliar a integridade da pele periestomal” (27; 31,0 %); nos requisitos de desvio de saúde, a categoria predominante foi “escolha do equipamento coletor e dos produtos adjuvantes”, e o requisito, “usar pó hidrocoloide para absorver a umidade em casos de dermatite” (13; 14,9 %). Conclusões: o estudo contribui para nortear a assistência à pessoa com estomia, melhorando o processo de aprendizado do autocuidado. Contudo, novos estudos de intervenção ainda são necessários.
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