Saúde mental da equipe de enfermagem intensivista ante a pandemia da covid-19: revisão integrativa

Renata Marinho Fernandes; Ana Carolina Costa Carino; Anna Thays Dias Almeida; Larissa Beatriz Francisca de Souza; Maria de Lourdes Alves da  Cruz; Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho Lira

doi:10.5294/aqui.2023.23.2.6

Autores

Renata Marinho Fernandes Autor Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-9061
Ana Carolina Costa Carino Autor Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Anna Thays Dias Almeida Autor Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-6121
Larissa Beatriz Francisca de Souza Autor Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-7707
Maria de Lourdes Alves da Cruz Autor Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1794-8810
Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho Lira Autor Universidade Federal do Ceará

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.2.6

Palavras-chave:

Enfermagem, infecções por coronavirus, unidades de terapia intensiva, saúde mental, promoção da saúde

Resumo

Introdução: durante a pandemia da covid-19, os profissionais de saúde apresentaram risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de afecções psíquicas, especialmente na unidade de terapia intensiva. Verifica-se lacuna de conhecimento sobre a saúde mental da equipe de enfermagem intensivista no atendimento aos pacientes acometidos pela covid-19. Objetivo: identificar, na literatura científica, as condições da saúde mental do profissional de enfermagem intensivista durante a pandemia da covid-19. Materiais e método: esta é uma revisão integrativa da literatura; a coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a abril de 2022 nas fontes de dados Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Scopus Content Overview e Web of Science. Elencaram-se os seguintes descritores: “Intensive Care Units”, “Covid 19”, “Mental Health”, “Nurse”. Incluíram-se estudos produzidos desde 2020, disponíveis na íntegra, em espanhol, inglês e português, e que respondessem à questão de pesquisa. A busca e seleção dos artigos foram executadas por dois pesquisadores treinados, de modo independente, mediante discussão por pares. As recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses foram seguidas. Resultados: a partir de uma amostra de 16 artigos, observou-se que o cuidado crítico de pacientes com covid-19 afetou a saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem com destaque para depressão, ansiedade, estresse e medo. Isso se associou à falta de tratamento baseado em evidências, à carência de recursos humanos e físicos, à sobrecarga de trabalho e às experiências de trabalho insuficientes. Conclusões: os profissionais de enfermagem intensivistas estão mentalmente abalados; portanto, é imperativa a implantação de políticas, estratégias e métodos para melhorar as condições psicológicas desses profissionais, para, assim, garantir a qualidade nos serviços.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

World Health Organization. WHO COVID-19 dashboard [Internet]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/

Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E et al. Mental health outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1708/3382.33569

Lima CKT, Carvalho PMM, Lima IAAS, Nunes JVAO, Saraiva JS, de Souza RI et al. The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915

Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affective Disord. 2020;277:55-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001

Barros MBA, Lima MG, Malta DC, Szwarcwald CL, Azevedo RCS, Romero D et al. Relato de tristeza/depressão, nervosismo/ansiedade e problemas de sono na população adulta brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Epidemiolog Serv Saúde. 2020;29(4):e2020427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-49742020000400018

Biber J, Ranes B, Lawrence S, Malpani V, Trinh TT, Cyders A et al. Mental health impact on healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A U.S. cross-sectional survey study. J Patient-Reported Outcomes. 2022:6(1):63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00467-6

Martin-Rodriguez LS, Escalda-Hernandez P, Soto-Ruiz N, Ferraz-Torres M, Rodriguez-Matesanz I, Garcia-Vivar C. Mental health of Spanish nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study. Int Nurs Rev. 2022;69:538-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12764

Goh KJ, Wong J, Tien JC, Ng SY, Duu Wen S, Phua GC et al. Preparing your intensive care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic: practical considerations and strategies. Crit Care, 2020;24(215):1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02916-4

Dal’Bosco EB, Floriano LSM, Skupien SV, Arcaro G, Martins AR, Anselmo ACC. The mental health of nursing in coping with COVID-19 at a regional university hospital. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020;73(sup. 2):e20200434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0434

Sánchez-Romero S, Ruiz-Fernández MD, Fernández-Medina IM, del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte M, Del Rocío Ramos-Márquez M, Ortega-Galán ÁM.Experiences of suffering among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive qualitative study. Appl Nurs Res. 2022;66:151603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151603

Awan S, Diwan MN, Aamir A, Allahuddin Z, Irfan M, Carano A et al. Suicide in healthcare workers: Determinants, challenges, and the impact of COVID-19. Front Psychiatry. 2022;12:792925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.792925

Huang L, Lin G, Tang L, Yu L, Zhou Z. Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19 epidemic. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2841-7

Keles E, Bektemur G, Baydili KN. COVID-19 deaths among nurses: a cross-sectional study. Occup Med (Lond). 2021;71(3):131-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab035

Robles-Pérez E, González-Díaz B, Miranda-García M, Borja-Aburto VH. Infection and death by COVID-19 in a cohort of healthcare workers in Mexico. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2021;47(5):349-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3970

Moreira AS, Lucca, SR. Apoio psicossocial e saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem no combate ao covid-19. Enfermagem Foco. 2020;11(1)ESP:155-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21675/2357-707X.2020.v11.n1.ESP.3590

Whittemore R; Knafl K. The integrative review: Updated methodology. J Advanced Nurs. 2005;52(5):546-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372(71):1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Howick J,Chalmers I, Glasziou P, Greenhalgh T, Heneghan C, Liberati A et al. Explanation of the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Available from: https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/ocebm-levels-of-evidence

Conz CA, Braga VAS, Vasconcelos R, Machado FHR da S, de Jesus MCP, Merighi MAB. Experiences of intensive care unit nurses with COVID-19 patients. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0194

Hu F, Ma J, Ding XB, Li J, Zeng J, Xu D et al. Nurses’ experiences of providing care to patients with COVID-19 in the ICU in Wuhan: A descriptive phenomenological research. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e045454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045454

Leng M, Wei L, Shi X, Cao G, Wei Y, Xu H et al. Mental distress and influencing factors in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Nurs Crit Care. 2021;26(2):94-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12528

Li J, Zhang Y, Li L, Yi W, Hao Y, Bi Y. Predictive Analysis of Factors Influencing Depression Status of Nurses in the COVID-19 Pandemic Intensive Care Unit. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:596428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.596428

Yifan T, Ying L, Chunhong G, Jing S, Rong W, Zhenyu L et al. Symptom Cluster of ICU Nurses Treating COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;60(1):e48-e53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.03.039

Baraka AAE, Ramadan FH, Hassan EA. Predictors of critical care nurses’ stress, anxiety, and depression in response to COVID-19 pandemic [published online ahead of print, 2021 Aug 31]. Nurs Crit Care. 2021;28(2):177-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12708

Peñacoba C, Catala P, Velasco L, Carmona-Monge FJ, Garcia-Hedrera FJ, Gil-Almagro F. Stress and quality of life of intensive care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: Self-efficacy and resilience as resources. Nurs Crit Care. 2021;26(6):493-500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12690

Guttormson JL, Calkins K, McAndrew N, Fitzgerald J, Losurdo H, Loonsfoot D. Critical Care Nurses’ Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A US National Survey. Am J Crit Care. 2022;31(2):96-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2022312

Heesakkers H, Zegers M, van Mol MMC, van den Boogaard M. The impact of the first COVID-19 surge on the mental well-being of ICU nurses: A nationwide survey study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2021;65:103034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103034

Belash I, Barzagar F, Mousavi G, Janbazian K, Aghasi Z, Ladari AT et al. COVID-19 pandemic and death anxiety among intensive care nurses working at the Hospitals Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10(7):2499-502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2105_20

Vitale E, Galatola V, Mea R. Observational study on the potential psychological factors that affected Italian nurses involved in the COVID-19 health emergency. Acta Biomed. 2021;92(S2):e2021007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92iS2.11305

Tamrakar P, Pant SB, Acharya SP. Anxiety and depression among nurses in COVID and non-COVID intensive care units. Nurs Crit Care. 2021;28(2):272-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12685

Petrișor C, Breazu C, Doroftei M, Mărieș I, Popescu C. Association of Moral Distress with Anxiety, Depression, and an Intention to Leave among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare. 2021;9(10):1377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101377

Hallgren J, Larsson M, Kjellén M, Lagerroth D, Bäckström C. ‘Who will do it if I don’t?’ Nurse anaesthetists’ experiences of working in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aust Crit Care. 2022;35(1):52-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.11.003

Kandemir D, Temiz Z, Ozhanli Y, Erdogan H, Kanbay Y. Analysis of mental health symptoms and insomnia levels of intensive care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic with a structural equation model. J Clin Nurs. 2022;31(5-6):601-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15918

Şanlıtürk D. Perceived and sources of occupational stress in intensive care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2021;67:103107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103107

Saragih ID, Tonapa SI, Saragih IS, Advani S, Batubara SO, Suarilah I et al. Global prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;121:104002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104002

Guttormson JL, Calkins K, McAndrew N, Fitzgerald J, Losurdo H, Loonsfoot D. Critical Care Nurse Burnout, Moral Distress, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A United States Survey. Heart Lung. 2022;55:127-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.04.015

Vroege L, van den Broek A. Substantial Impact of COVID-19 on Self-Reported Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals in the Netherlands. Front Public Health. 2022;9:796591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.796591

Chutiyami M, Cheong AMY, Salihu D, Bello UM, Ndwiga D, Maharaj R, Naidoo K et al. COVID-19 Pandemic and overall mental health of healthcare professionals globally: A meta-review of systematic reviews. Front Psychiatry. 2022;12:804525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.804525

Chirico F, Ferrari G, Nucera G, Szarpak L, Crescenzo P, Ilesanmi O. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, burnout syndrome, and mental health disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid umbrella review of systematic reviews. J Health Soc Scien. 2021;6(2):209-20. Available from: https://journalhss.com/wp-content/uploads/jhhs_62_209-220.pdf

Humerez DC, Ohl RIB, Silva MCN. Saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem do brasil no contexto da pandemia covid-19: ação do conselho federal de enfermagem. Cogitare Enfermagem. 2020;25:e74115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v25i0.74115

Santos WJ, Liva RB, Rodrigues DF, Farias ICV, Moura GJB. Transtornos Mentais Comuns em Trabalhadores de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Durante Pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Psicolog. 2021;15(57):149-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v15i57.3179

Chigwedere OC, Sadath A, Kabir Z, Arensman E. The impact of epidemics and pandemics on the mental health of healthcare workers: A systematic review. International Journal Environ Res Pub Health. 2021;18(13):6695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136695

Freitas RF, Barros IM, Miranda MAF, Freitas TF, Rocha JSB, Lessa AC. Preditores da síndrome de Burnout em técnicos de enfermagem de unidade de terapia intensiva durante a pandemia da COVID-19. J Bras Psiquiatria. 2021;70(1):12-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000313

Kotera Y, Ozaki A, Miyatake H, Tsunetoshi C, Nishikawa Y, Kosaka M et al. Qualitative investigation into the mental health of healthcare workers in japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(1):568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010568

Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. New England J Med. 2020;383(6):510-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2008017

Kim SC, Rankin L, Ferguson J. Nurses’ mental health from early COVID-19 pandemic to vaccination. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2022;54(4):485-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12760

Van Wert MJ, Gandhi S, Gupta I, Singh A, Eid SM, Haroon Burhanullah M et al. Healthcare Worker Mental Health After the Initial Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A US Medical Center Cross-Sectional Survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37(5):1169-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07251-0

Souza LP, Silva MLAR, Siqueira RP. Prevenção quinquenária na unidade de terapia intensiva em época de pandemia: uma necessidade emergente. J Manag Prim Health Care. 2021;13:e022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14295/jmphc.v13.1142

Santos JA. Prevenção quinquenária: prevenir o dano para o paciente, atuando no médico. Rev Port Med Geral Fam. 2014;30(3):152-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v30i3.11358

Silva BC, Pinto FF, Araujo I. A relevância da prevenção quinquenária na qualidade de vida dos profissionais de saúde. RECIMA21. 2023;4(1):e412525. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i1.2525