Intervenciones para el cuidado ocular en pacientes críticos/quirúrgicos en decúbito prono: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2022.22.3.3Palabras clave:
Cuidado crítico, Cirugía general, Cuidado de enfermera, Salud ocular, Posición pronaResumen
Objetivos: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear la evidencia de las intervenciones de cuidado ocular en el manejo de pacientes críticos o quirúrgicos sometidos a decúbito prono. Materiales y método: esta revisión de alcance se elaboró de acuerdo con la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs y bajo los criterios de PRISMA-ScR. Se realizó una búsqueda entre julio y agosto de 2020 en las bases de datos SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed Central, CINAHL y COCHRANE. Además, se delimitó la siguiente pregunta de investigación: “¿Cuáles son las estrategias e intervenciones utilizadas para el cuidado ocular en el manejo del paciente crítico o quirúrgico sometido al decúbito prono?”. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la muestra quedó constituida por 24 estudios. Resultados: las intervenciones oftalmológicas en el manejo de pacientes críticos/quirúrgicos sometidos a decúbito prono fueron examen oftalmológico, uso de lubricantes/solución oftálmica específica, posicionamiento de Trendelenburg inverso y protección con cinta adhesiva. Conclusiones: esta revisión permitió la comprensión del cuidado ocular de pacientes críticos/quirúrgicos en decúbito prono. Entre los cuidados presentados, gran parte está relacionada con la enfermería, puesto que es más cercana al cuidado del paciente. Los hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de implementar políticas de seguridad del paciente con el cuidado ocular como prioridad.
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