Adherence to the Treatment of Children Living with HIV: A Conceptual Analysis

Abstract

Objective: The objective was to analyze the concept of adherence to treatment of children living with HIV, expressed in the health literature, identifying its essential attributes, antecedents and consequences. Method: The Evolutionary Method of concept analysis proposed by Rodgers was followed to evaluate 17 articles that focused on the study theme. Results: As essential attributes identified by characterizing the concept are included: Following the prescription by the child-family binomial, availability of pediatric formulations, regular clinical and laboratory follow-up, habits adequacy and shared decision making between caregiver and child. Conclusions: Based on the identified elements, a consensual definition was elaborated, in which the treatment compliance by positive-HIV children is understood as a collaborative process, which goes beyond taking medications, considering the dynamism, family aspects, the daily lives of children, the social, economic and structural determinant that integrate the phenomenon under study. The findings allow a more comprehensive understanding of the concept and provide subsidies for the provision of comprehensive care, targeted to disease control and improved life quality. It is suggested the formation of multidisciplinary groups dedicated to conducting educational works about the difficulties in compliance, promoting a space for exchange of experiences and development of coping strategies.