Una mirada a las barreras y los factores facilitadores del rol de la enfermería en las pandemias: revisión integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2022.22.1.4Palabras clave:
Rol de la Enfermera, pandemias, enfermería en salud comunitaria, enfermeras clínicas, infecciones por coronavirusResumen
Objetivo: analizar los factores facilitadores y las barreras para el cumplimiento del rol profesional de las enfermeras y enfermeros en tiempos de pandemia y desastres.
Material y método: revisión integrativa según método analítico SALSA, realizada en ocho bases de datos: Medline, Proquest, CINAHL, Web of Science, BVS, SpringerLink, Scopus y Pubmed. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: ‘rol de la enfermera’ AND ‘pandemia’ AND ‘paciente’ AND ‘infección por coronavirus’, en idiomas inglés, español y portugués. A los 11.031 artículos encontrados se aplicaron filtros y criterios de inclusión y exclusión; después de ello un total de 32 artículos conformaron la muestra final.
Resultados: considerando los objetivos planteados y los resultados obtenidos, se advierte que todas las acciones se enfocaban en tres instancias principales: a) formación y actualización para el desempeño del rol; b) factores predictores, facilitadores y barreras para ejercer el rol frente a una pandemia; y c) evidencia el rol frente a pandemias.
Conclusión: este estudio hizo posible conocer, tanto las barreras, como los aspectos facilitadores que permiten el cumplimiento del rol profesional de enfermería frente a pandemias o catástrofes. Además, dejo claro que las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes deben abordarse en forma inmediata, colaborativa y multidisciplinaria. La experiencia, el liderazgo y la formación profesional de enfermeras y enfermeros son atributos claves que estos profesionales poseen, para permitir que su rol sea más proactivo durante una situación de emergencia.
Descargas
Citas
Edmonson C, McCarthy C, Trent-Adams S, McCain C, Marshall J. Emerging global health issues: A nurse’s role. Online J Issues Nurs [Internet]. 2017;22(1):manuscript 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol22No01Man02
American Nurses Association [ANA]. Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD, USA): ANA; 2015. Disponible en: https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/ethics/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/coe-view-only/
Rankin J. Godzilla in the corridor: The Ontario SARS crisis in historical perspective. Intensive Crit Care Nurs [Internet]. 2006;22(3):130–137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2005.10.001
Keegan JJ. The prevailing pandemic of influenza. J Am Med Assoc [Internet]. 1918 [cited 2020 Oct 13];71(13):1051–1055. DOI: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219141
Hilleman MR. Realities and enigmas of human viral influenza: Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control. Vaccine [Internet]. 2002;20(25–26):3068–3087. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00254-2
Gardner A. Pandemic containment and management. Aust Nurs J [Internet]. 2006;14(3):25–27. PMID: 16989388. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16989388/
Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Chin J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 13];41(2):145-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003 /
Lakshmi Priyadarsini S, Suresh M. Factors influencing the epidemiological characteristics of pandemic COVID 19: A TISM approach. Int J Healthc Manag [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 13];13(2):89–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1755804
Worldometer [Internet]. COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 13]. Disponible en: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries
Al-Tawfiq JA, Rothwell S, Mcgregor HA, Khouri ZA. A multi-faceted approach of a nursing led education in response to MERS-CoV infection. J Infect Public Health [Internet]. 2018;11(2):260–264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.006
International Council of Nurses [ICN]. Nurses and disaster risk reduction, response and recovery -Position statemen [Internet]. Geneva (Switzerland): ICN; 2019. Disponible en: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/PS_E_Nurses_and_disaster_risk_reduction_response_and_recovery.pdf
American Nurses Association [ANA]. ANA’s Covid-19 Video Education Series [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Disponible en: https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/education/ana-covid-19-video-education/
Walton M, Conoolly C. A Look back: Nursing care of typhoid fever. The pivotal role of nurses at the children´s Hospital of Philadelphia betwen 1895-1910: how the past informs the present. Am J Nurs [Internet]. 2005;105(4):74-78. Disponible en: https://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/fulltext/2005/04000/a_look_back__nursing_care_of_typhoid_fever__the.31.aspx
Wong ELY, Wong SYS, Kung K, Cheung AWL, Gao TT, Griffiths S. Will the community nurse continue to function during H1N1 influenza pandemic: A cross-sectional study of Hong Kong community nurses?. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2010;10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-107
Mackler N, Wilkerson W, Cinti S. Will First-Responders Show Up for Work During a Pandemic? Lessons From a Smallpox Vaccination Survey of Paramedics. Disaster Manag Response [Internet]. 2007;5(2):45–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.02.002
Qureshi KA, Merrill JA, Gershon RRM, Calero-Breckheimer A. Emergency preparedness training for public health nurses: A pilot study. J Urban Health [Internet]. 2002;79(3):413–416. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/79.3.413
Guirao Goris SJA. Utilidad y tipos de revisión de literatura. Ene [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Oct 14];9(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4321/S1988-348X2015000200002
Santos WM, Secoli SR, Püschel VAA. The Joanna Briggs Institute approach for systematic reviews. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem [Internet]. 2018;26:e3074. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2885.3074
Carrión-Pérez JM, Correa-Romero A, Alvarado-Gómez F. El MeSH y la pregunta PICO. Una herramienta clave para la búsqueda de información. Sanum Rev Científico-Sanitaria [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 14];4(1):46. Disponible en: https://www.revistacientificasanum.com/pdf/sanum_v4_n1_a5.pdf
Grant MJ, Booth A. A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Info Libr J [Internet]. 2009;26(2):91–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
Manterola C, Asenjo-Lobos C, Otzen T. Jerarquización de la evidencia: niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación de uso actual. Rev Chil Infectol [Internet]. 2014;31(6):705–718. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182014000600011
Galvão CM, Sawada NO, Costa Mendes IA. A busca das melhores evidências. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2003;37(4):43–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62342003000400005
Spero JR. Educating nursing students about quality care and safe practices in the AIDS epidemic. Public Health Rep [Internet]. 1988;103(3):278–281. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1478075/pdf/pubhealthrep00170-0072.pdf
Kuehnert PL. Community Health Nursing And The Aids Pandemic: Case Report Of One Community’s Response. J Community Health Nurs [Internet]. 1991;8(3):137–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327655jchn0803_3
Krau SD, Parsons LC. Avian Influenza: Are We Ready? Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am [Internet]. 2007;19(1):107–113. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2006.10.009
Keeling AW. ‘When the city is a great field hospital’: the influenza pandemic of 1918 and the New York city nursing response. J Clin Nurs [Internet]. 2009;18(19):2732–2738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02893.x
Carter MR, Gaskins SW. Incorporating bioterrorism content in the nursing curriculum:A creative approach. J Nurs Educ [Internet]. 2010;49(7):406–409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20100217-08
Martin SD, Brown LM, Reid WM. Predictors of nurses’ intentions to work during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. Am J Nurs [Internet]. 2013;113(12):24–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000438865.22036.15
Doyle L. Forensic Nursing: Key to Disaster Preparedness Strategy. Forensic Exam [Internet]. 2013;22(4):58–69. Disponible en: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1549251769?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Mann Wall B. Disasters, nursing, and community responses: A historical perspective. Nurs Hist Rev [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2021 Jul 9];23(1):11–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.23.11
Wood PJ. Managing boundaries between professional and lay nursing following the influenza pandemic, 1918-1919: insights for professional resilience today? J Clin Nurs [Internet]. 2017;26(5–6):805–812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13570
Tzeng HM, Yin CY. Nurses Fears and Professional Obligations Concerning Possible Human-to-Human Avian Flu. Nurs Ethics [Internet]. 2006;13(5):455-470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/0969733006nej893oa
Mavhandu-Mudzusi AH, Sandy PT, Hettema A. Registered nurses’ perceptions regarding nurse-led antiretroviral therapy initiation in Hhohho region, Swaziland. Int Nurs Rev [Internet]. 2017;64(4):552–560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12375
Jones MM, Saines M. The eighteen of 1918–1919: Black nurses and the great flu pandemic in the United States. Am J Public Health [Internet]. 2019;109(6):877–884. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305003
Tayaben JL, Younas A. Call to Action for Advocacy of Immigrant Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adv Nurs [Internet]. 2020;76(9):2220-2221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14432
Encalada G, Yancha C, Guerrero G, Daquilema M, Morán B. Situación de enfermería en América, frente a la pandemia COVID-19. Salud Bienestar Colect [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 18];4(3):108–128. Disponible en: https://revistasaludybienestarcolectivo.com/index.php/resbic/article/view/106/103
Rosa WE, Ferrell BR, Wiencek C. Increasing critical care nurse engagement of palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Crit Care Nurse [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 18];40(6):e28–e36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2020946
Abuhammad S, AlAzzam M, Mukattash T. The perception of nurses towards their roles during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Clin Pract [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18];75(4):e13919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13919
Zeneli A, Altini M, Bragagni M, Gentili N, Prati S, Golinucci M, et al. Mitigating strategies and nursing response for cancer care management during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian experience. Int Nurs Rev [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 18];67(4):543–553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12625
Chen Q, Lan X, Zhao Z, Hu S, Tan F, Gui P, et al. Role of Anesthesia Nurses in the Treatment and Management of Patients With COVID-19. J PeriAnesthesia Nurs [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 18];35(5):453-456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.05.007
Karnjuš I, Prosen M, Ličen S. Nurses’ core disaster-response competencies for combating COVID-19—A cross-sectional study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18];16(6):e0252934. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252934
Chau JPC, Lo SHS, Saran R, Leung CHY, Lam SKY, Thompson DR. Nurses’ experiences of caring for people with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a qualitative enquiry. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18];11:e052683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052683
Kong C, Tan L, Gao X, Fan H, Zhang J, Wang Z, et al. Nurses’ Grief Counseling for Bereaved Family Members of COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv [Internet]. 2021 Jul 1;1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20210527-03
Abdulah DM, Mohammedsadiq HA, Liamputtong P. Experiences of nurses amidst giving care to COVID-19 patients in clinical settings in Iraqi Kurdistan: A qualitative descriptive study. J Clin Nurs [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18];00:1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15909
Ross L, Meier N. Improving adult coping with social isolation during COVID-19 in the community through nurse-led patient-centered telehealth teaching and listening interventions. Nurs Forum. 2021;56(2):467–473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12552
Roberts NJ, Kelly CA, Lippiett KA, Ray E, Welch L. Experiences of nurses caring for respiratory patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey study. BMJ Open Respir Res [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18];8:e000987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000987
Fernandes da Silva VG, Silva BN, Pinto ÉSG, Menezes RMP. Trabalho do enfermeiro no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18];74(Suppl 1):e20200594. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/j/reben/a/MH4YCt9PWtGJFqySZ4jSYDB/?lang=pt
Nahidi S, Sotomayor-Castillo C, Li C, Currey J, Elliott R, Shaban RZ. Australian critical care nurses’ knowledge, preparedness, and experiences of managing SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 pandemic. Aust Crit Care [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18];s1036-7314(21)00064-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.04.008
Srithumsuk W, Wangnum K. “New Normal” Home Chemotherapy in Thailand: How the Challenging Roles of Nurses Are Changing? Asia-Pacific J Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18];8(3):340-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/apjon.apjon_54_20
Rogel-Salazar R, Santiago-Bautista I, Martínez-Domínguez N. Revistas científicas latinoamericanas de Comunicación indizadas en WoS, Scopus y bases de datos de Acceso Abierto. Comun Soc [Internet]. 2017;0(30):167–196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v0i30.6514
Ortiz Sánchez NL, Zamora González M, Díaz Bueno BM, Vázquez Lugo M, Rodríguez González DA. Desarrollo de la expresión oral en el inglés con fines específicos en la carrera Medicina. Humanidades Médicas [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Dec 18];16(2):285–300. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/hmc/v16n2/hmc08216.pdf
San Lucas Marcillo M, Azua Menéndez M, Tigua Anzules J. El Idioma Inglés como segunda lengua en los profesionales de la carrera de enfermería. Sinapsis [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Oct 13];1(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.37117/s.v1i6.60
Joo JY, Liu MF. Nurses’ barriers to caring for patients with COVID-19: a qualitative systematic review. Int Nurs Rev [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 20];68(2):202–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12648
Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E, Moxham L, Middleton R, Alananzeh I, et al. Implications for COVID-19: A systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. Int J Nurs Stud [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 20];111:103637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103637
Ortiz Z, Antonietti L, Capriati A, Ramos S, Romero M, Mariani J, et al. Preocupaciones y demandas frente a COVID-19. Encuesta al personal de salud. Med (Buenos Aires) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 13];80(Supl. III):16–24. Disponible en: https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/111616/CONICET_Digital_Nro.bce1d250-846a-433e-93fa-632a2ab82993_A.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Damery S, Wilson S, Draper H, Gratus C, Greenfield S, Ives J, et al. Will the NHS continue to function in an influenza pandemic? a survey of healthcare workers in the West Midlands, UK. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2009;9:142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-142
Velázquez CA, Ruiz Benítez OD. Actitudes del personal de enfermería en el hogar ante la pandemia COVID-19 [Internet]. Academic Disclosure [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 13]; 1(1):262-267. Disponible en: https://revistascientificas.una.py/index.php/rfenob/article/view/85
Ferreira do Nascimento V, Yuri Hattori T, Pereira Terças-Trette AC. Dificultades y temores de las enfermeras que enfrentan la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Humanidades Médicas [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 14];20(2):312–333. Disponible en: http://www.humanidadesmedicas.sld.cu/index.php/hm/article/download/1656/pdf_135
Consejo Internacional de Enfermeras [CIE]. El Consejo Internacional de Enfermeras pone de relieve las principales prioridades para derrotar al COVID-19 - Comunicado de Prensa [Internet]. Ginebra (Suiza), 2020 abril 9. Disponible en: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/PR_15_ICN COVID Top Priorities_ES.pdf
Shapira S, Friger M, Bar-Dayan Y, Aharonson-Daniel L. Healthcare workers’ willingness to respond following a disaster: A novel statistical approach toward data analysis. BMC Med Educ [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Oct 13];19(1):130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1561-7
Schwartz J, King CC, Yen MY. Protecting Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Lessons From Taiwan’s Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Response. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 14];71(15):858–860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa255
Consejo Internacional de Enfermeras [CIE]. Código deontológico del Consejo Internacional de Enfermeras para la profesión de enfermería. Rev Enferm Inst Mex Seguro Soc [Internet]. 2017;25(2):83–84. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/enfermeriaimss/eim-2017/eim172b.pdf
Canadian Nurses Association. Nursing leadership – Position Statemen [Internet]. 2009. Disponible en: https://hl-prod-ca-oc-download.s3-ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/CNA/2f975e7e-4a40-45ca-863c-5ebf0a138d5e/UploadedImages/documents/Nursing_Leadership_position_statement.pdf
Oulton JA. Leading nursing globally. Heal Emerg Disaster Nurs [Internet]. 2014;1(1):29–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2014-1.29
Gerbotto M, Saez NB, Gattari MdLÁ, Daro MV. Prácticas y representaciones de estudiantes de enfermería en torno al rol enfermero. Rev Uruguaya Enferm [Internet]. 2019;14(1):28–37. DOI: http://doi.org/rue2019v14n1a3. Disponible en: http://rue.fenf.edu.uy/index.php/rue/article/view/268/271
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Aquichan
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Esta revista y sus artículos se publican bajo la licencia CreativeCommons CC BY 4.0 DEED Atribución 4.0 Internacional, usted es libre de: Compartir — copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente. Adaptar — remezclar, transformar y construir a partir del material para cualquier propósito, incluso comercialmente. La licencia no puede revocar estas libertades en tanto usted siga los términos de la licencia.
