Uma visão às barreiras e aos fatores facilitadores do papel da enfermagem nas pandemias: revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2022.22.1.4Palavras-chave:
Papel do profissional de enfermagem, pandemias, enfermagem em saúde comunitária, enfermeiras clínicas, infecções por coronavirusResumo
Objetivo: analisar os fatores facilitadores e as barreiras para o cumprimento do papel profissional de enfermeiros e enfermeiras em tempos de pandemia e desastres.
Materiais e método: revisão integrativa segundo método analítico SALSA, realizada em oito bases de dados: Medline, Proquest, CINAHL, Web of Science, BVS, SpringerLink, Scopus e PubMed. Os descritores utilizados foram: “papel da enfermeira” AND “pandemia” AND “paciente” AND “infecção por coronavírus”, em inglês, espanhol e português. Aos 11 031 artigos encontrados, foram aplicados filtros e critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Depois disso, 32 artigos conformaram a amostra final.
Resultados: considerando os objetivos propostos e os resultados, constata-se que todas as ações se enfocavam em três instâncias principais: a) formação e atualização para o desempenho do papel; b) fatores preditores, facilitadores e barreiras para exercer o papel ante uma pandemia e c) evidência do papel profissional ante pandemias.
Conclusões: este estudo torna possível conhecer tanto as barreiras quanto os aspectos facilitadores que permitem o cumprimento do papel do profissional de enfermagem ante pandemias e catástrofes. Além disso, deixa claro que as doenças infecciosas emergentes devem ser abordadas de forma imediata, colaborativa e multidisciplinar. A experiência, a liderança e a formação profissional de enfermeiras e enfermeiros são atributos-chave desses profissionais para permitir que seu papel seja mais proativo durante uma emergência.
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