Navegación de pacientes por enfermeros en el contexto de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello: una revisión integradora
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https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2025.25.1.2Palabras clave:
Práctica avanzada de enfermería, enfermería, navegación de pacientes, neoplasias de cabeza y cuello, oncologíaResumen
Introducción: la navegación de pacientes por parte de enfermeros requiere experiencia clínica, habilidades de comunicación y conocimiento de los sistemas de salud. En oncología, se necesita experiencia para identificar y abordar los diversos problemas biopsicosociales a los que pueden enfrentarse los pacientes durante el tratamiento. Objetivo: investigar evidencias científicas sobre la navegación por parte de enfermeros en pacientes con neoplasias de cabeza y cuello. Materiales y método: revisión integradora en seis etapas. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios primarios en portugués, inglés y español, y la utilización de la Escala de Evaluación de Artículos con Metodologías Heterogéneas para Revisiones Integrativas con búsquedas en el segundo semestre de 2023, utilizando el software Rayyan para la organización y validación del instrumento para la recogida de los datos. Se utilizaron descriptores en portugués, inglés y español y las bases de datos consultadas fueron BDEnf, Lilacs, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science y Embase, además del repositorio de artículos científicos SciELO. Resultados: se obtuvieron 13 artículos. Del nivel de evidencia, 6 (46,2 %) pertenecían al nivel VI; 4 (30,8 %) al nivel II y 3 (23,1 %) al nivel IV. Surgieron las siguientes tres categorías: “Efectividad de los procesos asistenciales (gestión y continuidad de cuidados)”; “Prácticas avanzadas en la navegación de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello (CCC) por parte de enfermería” y “Evaluación de los resultados de la navegación de pacientes con CCC por parte de enfermería”. Conclusiones: La navegación enfermera de pacientes con CCC aborda la coordinación y la continuidad de los cuidados, haciendo hincapié en la educación en salud, el apoyo a las prácticas de autocuidado, la atención de calidad y el seguimiento sin barreras para el paciente, la familia y los cuidadores.
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