Board Game for Children Coping with Cancer in Brazil: A Mixed Methods Study

Daniela Doulavince Amador; Daniela Fernanda dos Santos Alves; Myriam Aparecida Mandetta

doi:10.5294/aqui.2025.25.1.4

Autores/as

Daniela Doulavince Amador Autor/a Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-1743
Daniela Fernanda dos Santos Alves Autor/a Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-518X
Myriam Aparecida Mandetta Autor/a Universidade Federal de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-2479

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2025.25.1.4

Palabras clave:

Niño/niña, neoplasia, habilidades de afrontamiento, juego y elementos para jugar, comunicación

Resumen

Introducción: El diagnóstico de cáncer infantil es un momento difícil y aterrador para los niños y sus familias. Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos de usar un juego de mesa en la frecuencia y eficacia de las estrategias de afrontamiento de los niños con cáncer y aprender más sobre la percepción de las estrategias de afrontamiento de estos niños. Materiales y métodos: Este método mixto, convergente incluyó 35 niños (8-12 años), con un diagnóstico de cáncer de al menos un mes y que estuvieran en tratamiento de quimioterapia ambulatoria. La intervención utilizó un juego de mesa validado para niños con cáncer. Cuantitativamente, se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental; la información se recolectó antes y después de la intervención usando el instrumento Kidcope y se analizó a través de estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Cualitativamente, la observación-participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas complementaron la información del Kidcope, que fueron analizadas por medio del análisis de contenidos. Resultados: La frecuencia y efectividad de las estrategias de afrontamiento, autoevaluadas por los niños, aumentaron de 5,91 preintervención a 6,63 postintervención; la efectividad media aumentó de 5,91 a 9,49 (p<0,001), respectivamente. Entre los tipos de estrategias, hubo un incremento en el uso de la evitación y de estrategias de afrontamiento activas (p=0,001). Cuando se evaluó la información cualitativa, los niños revelaron que ellos trataban de creer que todo estaría bien y de no pensar negativamente, pues el juego les hizo entender que no todo estaba perdido. Conclusión: El juego tuvo un efecto positivo en la frecuencia y efectividad de las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los niños con cáncer. La interacción del niño con el juego ayuda a reenmarcar la experiencia.

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Citas

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