Board Game for Children Coping with Cancer in Brazil: A Mixed Methods Study

Daniela Doulavince Amador; Daniela Fernanda dos Santos Alves; Myriam Aparecida Mandetta

doi:10.5294/aqui.2025.25.1.4

Autores

Daniela Doulavince Amador Autor State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-1743
Daniela Fernanda dos Santos Alves Autor State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-518X
Myriam Aparecida Mandetta Autor Federal University of São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-2479

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2025.25.1.4

Palavras-chave:

Criança, neoplasia, habilidades de enfrentamento, jogos e brinquedos, comunicação

Resumo

Introdução: O diagnóstico de câncer infantil é um momento difícil e assustador para as crianças e suas famílias. Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos do uso de um jogo de tabuleiro na frequência e na eficácia das estratégias de enfrentamento das crianças com câncer e aprender mais sobre a percepção das estratégias de enfrentamento nessas crianças. Materiais e métodos: Este método misto e convergente incluiu 35 crianças (8-12 anos), com diagnóstico de câncer de pelo menos um mês e que estavam em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial. A intervenção utilizou um jogo de tabuleiro validado para crianças com câncer. Quantitativamente, foi realizado um estudo quase experimental; as informações foram coletadas antes e depois da intervenção por meio do instrumento Kidcope e analisadas mediante estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Qualitativamente, a observação participante e as entrevistas semiestruturadas complementaram as informações do Kidcope, que foram examinadas com base na análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A frequência e a efetividade das estratégias de enfrentamento, autoavaliadas pelas crianças, aumentaram de 5,91 pré-intervenção para 6,63 pós-intervenção; a efetividade média aumentou de 5,91 para 9,49 (p<0,001), respectivamente. Entre os tipos de estratégias, houve aumento do uso da evitação e de estratégias de enfrentamento ativo (p=0,001). Quando as informações qualitativas foram avaliadas, as crianças revelaram que procuravam acreditar que tudo ficaria bem e não pensar negativamente, pois o jogo as fez entender que nem tudo estava perdido. Conclusão: O jogo teve um efeito positivo na frequência e na eficácia das estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelas crianças com câncer. A interação da criança com o jogo ajuda a reestruturar a experiência.

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