Experiências das mulheres no processo de assistência ao parto: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.2.5Palavras-chave:
Parto normal, parto humanizado, humanização da assistência, violência obstétrica, pesquisa qualitativaResumo
Introdução: o parto é reconhecido como um processo fisiológico que alude à procriação e ao desenvolvimento entre as sociedades; entretanto, pouco se tem falado sobre a assistência humanizada ao parto. Portanto, é necessário identificar a experiência das mulheres durante o parto normal a fim de gerar práticas que garantam uma melhor qualidade de atendimento. Objetivo: caracterizar as evidências científicas relacionadas às experiências das mulheres durante a assistência ao parto normal. Materiais e método: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, segundo Cooper, e revisadas seis bases de dados: Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Scopus e Cinahl, com os descritores em espanhol, inglês e português, “parto normal”, “parto humanizado”, “humanização da assistência”, “violência obstétrica”, “pesquisa qualitativa”, limitados ao período de 2010 a 2023, com os seguintes critérios de inclusão/exclusão: artigos qualitativos em texto completo sobre partos normais, com pontuação maior ou igual a 8 segundo o Critical Appraisal Skills Programme em espanhol (CASPe). Resultados: emergiram seis unidades temáticas: microagressões e macroimpactos: parto — entre a dor e o medo; agindo com respeito — o parto como um processo natural; silenciar, calar e suportar; meu parto, minha escolha; tornando visível o invisível — normalizando a violência durante o parto; e o rito do parto — a dignidade da mulher. Conclusões: as experiências de parto das mulheres são moldadas pelo contexto cultural em que elas vivem; os modelos biomédico e tradicional colidem e impactam a vida das mulheres. É necessário que as mulheres estejam cientes de seus direitos reprodutivos para contribuir com a humanização do parto.
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