Fatores ambientais, assistenciais e alimentares que dificultam a alimentação oral de idosos hospitalizados: revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2026.26.3.7Palavras-chave:
Cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso hospitalizado, nutrição do idoso, revisão, assistência alimentar, ingestão de energiaResumo
Introdução: A alimentação oral de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas é frequentemente comprometida por fatores ambientais, assistenciais e relacionados às preferências alimentares, ainda pouco valorizados na prática clínica. Reconhecer esses determinantes é essencial para subsidiar intervenções eficazes. A equipe de enfermagem é responsável por avaliar a aceitação alimentar, auxiliar durante as refeições e comunicar à equipe de nutrição as necessidades e dificuldades identificadas. Objetivo: identificar fatores ambientais, assistenciais e de escolhas alimentares que dificultam a alimentação oral de idosos hospitalizados. Materiais e método: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura conforme as recomendações adaptadas do PRISMA. As buscas ocorreram em junho de 2024 nas bases MEDLINE, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science e Scopus. Incluíram-se estudos observacionais e de intervenção com idosos hospitalizados (≥ 60 anos), sem restrição de idioma ou data, e excluídos relatos de caso, cartas, resumos, teses, dissertações, monografias e revisões. Os estudos foram classificados segundo o nível hierárquico de evidência do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Resultados: Identificaram-se 640 estudos, dos quais 32 compuseram a amostra final. Os principais fatores que comprometeram a alimentação foram ausência de sala de jantar, privacidade reduzida, interrupções durante as refeições, insuficiência de auxílio profissional e inadequação dos horários ou das opções alimentares, fatores associados à menor ingestão calórica e ao aumento do risco de desnutrição. Conclusão: Os fatores ambientais, assistenciais e alimentares que interferem na alimentação oral de idosos hospitalizados são multifatoriais. Destacaram-se a insuficiência de infraestrutura e a inadequação de horários das refeições, bem como a limitação de pessoal para o auxílio alimentar. Essas condições comprometem a ingestão alimentar, aumentando o risco de insegurança alimentar e nutricional nessa população.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Helena Lenardt, José Baudilio Belzarez Guedez, João Alberto Martins Rodrigues, Clovis Cechinel, Larissa Teleginski Wardenski, Daiane Maria da Silva Marques
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