Viabilidade de uma intervenção de enfermagem pré-operatória virtual para pessoas idosas que aguardam cirurgia cardíaca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2026.26.3.2Palavras-chave:
Doenças cardiovasculares, Cirurgia cardíaca, Enfermagem baseada em evidências, Estudo de viabilidade, NursingResumo
Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares continuam sendo a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade entre pessoas idosas. Intervenções de enfermagem pré-operatórias podem melhorar os resultados cirúrgicos ao promover a recuperação funcional e reduzir as complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias. Até o momento, há poucas evidências sobre a viabilidade de uma intervenção pré-operatória em idosos que aguardam cirurgia cardíaca. Objetivos: avaliar a viabilidade e aceitação de uma intervenção de enfermagem pré-operatória virtual para idosos que aguardam cirurgia cardíaca eletiva, com ênfase em complicações pós-operatórias, tempo de hospitalização e resultados de alfabetização em saúde. Materiais e método: Realizou-se um estudo de viabilidade de coorte única em um departamento de cirurgia cardiotorácica no norte de Portugal. Participaram adultos com 65 anos ou mais, programados para cirurgia eletiva, que participaram de uma sessão presencial por uma enfermeira de reabilitação, incluindo exercícios de respiração e mobilidade, além de acompanhamento remoto semanal até a cirurgia. Os dados foram coletados no início e na alta, utilizando instrumentos validados para qualidade de vida (EQ-5D), estado funcional (índices de Barthel e Lawton), alfabetização em saúde (HLS-EU) e capacidade de exercício (teste de caminhada de 6 minutos). Análises descritivas e inferenciais foram realizadas com SPSS v28. Resultados: Trinta participantes (idade média de 74 anos) concluíram o programa, com alta adesão (96,7 %). Complicações pulmonares ocorreram em 13 % dos participantes, e o tempo médio de hospitalização foi de 7,2 dias. Os escores de alfabetização em saúde e de capacidade funcional apresentaram melhorias discretas, sem significância estatística. A intervenção foi bem aceita pelos participantes e pelos membros da equipe de saúde. Conclusões: O programa virtual de enfermagem pré-operatória mostrou-se viável e aceitável para pessoas idosas que aguardavam cirurgia cardíaca. Os resultados fornecem subsídios para o delineamento de um futuro ensaio randomizado, a fim de avaliar sua eficácia na melhoria da recuperação e na redução das complicações pós-operatórias.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Soraia Nicola Rodrigues, Luísa Fontes, Ana Carvalho, Helga Rafael
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