Factors Related to Adherence to Therapy in Patients Using Oral Anticoagulants in Outpatient Follow-Up
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2024.24.4.6Keywords:
Anticoagulants, Cooperation and Adherence to treatment, Health promotion, cardiovascular nursingAbstract
Introduction: Factors related to therapy adherence can influence the complexity of care for patients using anticoagulants. Objective: To identify the factors related to patient adherence to oral anticoagulant treatment in outpatient follow-up. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted at the oral anticoagulation outpatient clinic of a cardiology reference hospital in northern and northeastern Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical variables and an instrument measuring treatment adherence were employed. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and the Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact statistical tests. All the statistical tests applied a significance level of 5 %. Results: 202 patients were screened, 66.3 % of whom were classified as adherent. Patients with a clinical referral for valve replacement, a treatment time longer than five years, and an international normalized ratio (INR) value outside the therapeutic target showed greater adherence to treatment. In addition, having a sedentary lifestyle and the use of antiarrhythmic medication were significantly associated with adherence. Variables such as sex, income, occupation, level of education, and the presence of complications were not significantly associated with treatment adherence. Conclusion: This study’s findings highlight that adherence to treatment with anticoagulants hinges more on clinical factors and health behavior than on sociodemographic characteristics. Although traditionally studied, these are not necessarily reliable predictors of adherence. The essential factor seems to be more closely related to health education and medical and family support, which emphasizes the need for individualized support for these patients, with a focus on awareness and regular clinical follow-up.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Xênia Sheila Barbosa Aguiar Queiroz, Nataly Lins Sodré, Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira Santos, Maria Beatriz Araújo Silva, Rebeka Maria de Oliveira Belo, Simone Maria Muniz da Silva Bezerra
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