Calidad del sueño en estudiantes de enfermería: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios de prevalencia
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https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2025.25.4.2Palabras clave:
Estudiantes de enfermería, calidad del sueño, prevalencia, metaanálisis, población mundialResumen
Introducción: debido a que no existen estudios integradores, es relevante consolidar datos sobre la calidad del sueño en estudiantes de enfermería. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de la baja calidad del sueño en estudiantes de enfermería a nivel mundial. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis registrado en la plataforma PROSPERO, en la que se buscaron estudios primarios en LILACS, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE y SAGE en idiomas inglés, portugués y español hasta mayo de 2024, que hubiesen medido la prevalencia de la calidad del sueño y que hubiesen utilizado una escala para tal propósito. Se tuvo cuenta la guía metodológica para revisiones sistemáticas de estudios observacionales del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Se realizó la evaluación de la calidad con la herramienta de dicho instituto para estudios de prevalencia. Asimismo, se hizo un metaanálisis bajo un modelo de efectos aleatorios, se calculó el promedio ponderado de la prevalencia, la heterogeneidad a través del estadístico I2 y el sesgo de publicación con la prueba de Egger. Resultados: se incluyeron 25 estudios en el metaanálisis, que representan a 5559 estudiantes de enfermería. Se identificó una prevalencia de baja calidad del sueño de 65 % (IC95 % ,55-,74), siendo Latinoamérica la región que presenta la prevalencia más alta, 84 % (IC95 % ,65-,97) y Europa la más baja, 38 % (IC95% ,23-,54). Conclusión: en la mayoría de las regiones del mundo, con una mayor prevalencia en Latinoamérica, la calidad del sueño en estudiantes de enfermería es muy baja; por esta razón, sus consecuencias y efectos a corto, mediano y largo plazo deben empezar a ser estudiadas y medidas sistemáticamente en las instituciones de formación universitaria.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Jhon Henry Osorio Castaño, Wilson Cañón Montañez, Óscar Augusto Bedoya Carvajal, John Camilo García Uribe, Aníbal Vicente Arteaga Noriega
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