Principais déficits de autocuidado encontrados em idosos com úlcera de pé diabético: uma revisão integrativa

Pauliana Caetano Lima; Greicy Kelly Gouveia Dias Bittencourt; Wynne Wynne Pereira Nogueira; Thainá Karoline Costa Dias; Janislei Soares Dantas; Mariana Albernaz Pinheiro de Carvalho

doi:10.5294/aqui.2023.23.3.6

Autores

Pauliana Caetano Lima Autor Universidade Federal da Paraíba https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-2674
Greicy Kelly Gouveia Dias Bittencourt Autor Universidade Federal da Paraíba https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-8171
Wynne Wynne Pereira Nogueira Autor Universidade Federal da Paraíba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7492-7939
Thainá Karoline Costa Dias Autor Universidade Federal da Paraíba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-1350
Janislei Soares Dantas Autor Universidade Federal da Paraíba https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-7733
Mariana Albernaz Pinheiro de Carvalho Autor Universidade Federal de Campina Grande https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-324X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.3.6

Palavras-chave:

Pé diabético, enfermagem, idoso, diabetes mellitus, prevenção de doenças

Resumo

Introdução: o aumento da incidência do diabetes mellitus vem acarretando consequências à saúde pública. Muitos indivíduos com diabetes perdem a sensibilidade e podem desenvolver deformidades nos pés, ocasionando o pé diabético. Conhecer os déficits de autocuidado pode permitir o planejamento da assistência à saúde no manejo do pé diabético e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. Objetivo: identificar, a partir da literatura científica, os principais déficits de autocuidado presentes em idosos com úlceras de pé diabético, fundamentando na teoria do déficit de autocuidado de Orem. Materiais e método: trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca dos estudos ocorreu em janeiro de 2022, a partir dos descritores “pé diabético”, “autocuidado” e “idoso”. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados e biblioteca virtual: BVS, Lilacs, Medline e BDEnf por meio da PubMed. A adaptação do fluxograma Prisma foi utilizada. Uma síntese dos artigos foi realizada com a descrição dos principais resultados e déficits de autocuidado conforme a teoria de autocuidado de Orem. Resultados: condições socioeconômicas, características da pele, atividades, lazer e repouso, alimentação, condições neurológicas e falta de conhecimento sobre a necessidade de suporte terapêutico e de tratamento foram as principais situações relacionadas aos déficits de autocuidado. Conclusão: a evidência científica gerada serve como base para realizar novos estudos sobre a temática, assim como auxilia na tomada de decisões por parte do enfermeiro para adotar medidas que auxiliem no autocuidado desse grupo populacional, além de orientar essa população quanto aos cuidados necessários.

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